Research & Literature

Immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.

Nosadini M, Mohammad SS, Ramanathan S, et al.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2015; (15(12)):1391-419 doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720.

[Fisher Syndrome and Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis].

Kuwabara S

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo 2015; (67(11)):1371-6 doi:10.11477/mf.1416200308.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Lancaster E

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) 2016; (12(1)):1-13 doi:10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1.

Autoimmune encephalitis.

Newman MP, Blum S, Wong RC, et al.

Internal medicine journal 2016; (46(2)):148-57 doi:10.1111/imj.12974.

A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis.

Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2016; (15(4)):391-404.

Neurological complications and risk factors of cardiopulmonary failure of EV-A71-related hand, foot and mouth disease.

Long L, Xu L, Xiao Z, et al.

Scientific reports 2016; (6()):23444 doi:10.1038/srep23444.

Rituximab treatment for autoimmune limbic encephalitis in an institutional cohort.

Lee WJ, Lee ST, Byun JI, et al.

Neurology 2016; (86(18)):1683-91 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002635.

Rapid Aspiration Screening for Suspected Stroke: Part 1: Development and Validation.

Daniels SK, Pathak S, Rosenbek JC, et al.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2016; (97(9)):1440-1448 doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.03.025.

The Brainstem Tau Cytoskeletal Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Historical Overview and Description of its Anatomical Distribution Pattern, Evolutional Features, Pathogenetic and Clinical Relevance.

Rüb U, Stratmann K, Heinsen H, et al.

Current Alzheimer research 2016; (13(10)):1178-97 doi:10.2174/1567205013666160606100509.

MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 3: Brainstem involvement - frequency, presentation and outcome.

Jarius S, Kleiter I, Ruprecht K, et al.

Journal of neuroinflammation 2016; (13(1)):281 doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0719-z.

Accuracy of endoscopic and videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing for oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Leal-Leaño LR, Leon-Basantes GA, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2017; (127(9)):2002-2010 doi:10.1002/lary.26419.

Management of acute neuromuscular disorders.

Wijdicks EF

Handbook of clinical neurology 2017; (140()):229-237 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00013-1.

Intravenous immunoglobulin: a biological corticosteroid-sparing agent in some autoimmune conditions.

Watad A, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y

Lupus 2017; (26(10)):1015-1022 doi:10.1177/0961203317696589.

Slowly progressing varicella zoster brainstem encephalitis complicating Ramsay Hunt syndrome in an immunocompetent patient: case report and review of the literature.

Ricigliano VAG, Saraceno L, Cavalli M, et al.

Journal of neurovirology 2017; (23(6)):922-928 doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0575-3.

Diagnostic criteria for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS).

Tobin WO, Guo Y, Krecke KN, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2017; (140(9)):2415-2425 doi:10.1093/brain/awx200.

Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis.

Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Kelly CR, et al.

Annals of neurology 2018; (83(1)):166-177 doi:10.1002/ana.25131.

Clinical Application of Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in Stroke.

Pisegna JM, Murray J

Seminars in speech and language 2018; (39(1)):3-14 doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608855.

Severe GABAA receptor encephalitis without seizures: A paediatric case successfully treated with early immunomodulation.

Nikolaus M, Knierim E, Meisel C, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2018; (22(3)):558-562 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.002.

Acute encephalitis - diagnosis and management.

Ellul M, Solomon T

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2018; (18(2)):155-159 doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-155.

An Update on the Treatment of Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Stingl C, Cardinale K, Van Mater H

Current treatment options in rheumatology 2018; (4(1)):14-28 doi:10.1007/s40674-018-0089-z.

Acute Respiratory Failure in Children.

Friedman ML, Nitu ME

Pediatric annals 2018; (47(7)):e268-e273 doi:10.3928/19382359-20180625-01.

The princess and the p-value: A case report of suspected autoimmune encephalitis and functional neurological disorder in a pediatric patient.

Wilkinson-Smith A, Greenberg B, Keech A

Applied neuropsychology. Child 2020; (9(1)):13-20 doi:10.1080/21622965.2018.1501373.

Detection Methods for Autoantibodies in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Ricken G, Schwaiger C, De Simoni D, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2018; (9()):841 doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00841.

Citrobacter freundii sepsis in an immunosuppressed patient with pemphigus vulgaris.

Ferranti M, Tadiotto Cicogna G, Sattin A, Alaibac M

BMJ case reports 2018; (11(1)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227091.

CLIPPERS and its mimics: evaluation of new criteria for the diagnosis of CLIPPERS.

Taieb G, Mulero P, Psimaras D, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2019; (90(9)):1027-1038 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2018-318957.

Brainstem Encephalitis With Low-Titer Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies Mimicking Myasthenia Gravis.

Ayzenberg I, Ellrichmann G, Schroeder C, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2019; (10()):829 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00829.

Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients.

Benghanem S, Mazeraud A, Azabou E, et al.

Critical care (London, England) 2020; (24(1)):5 doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2718-9.

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in autoimmune encephalitis: A meta-analysis.

Nepal G, Shing YK, Yadav JK, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2020; (142(5)):449-459 doi:10.1111/ane.13291.

Expanded Clinical Phenotype, Oncological Associations, and Immunopathologic Insights of Paraneoplastic Kelch-like Protein-11 Encephalitis.

Dubey D, Wilson MR, Clarkson B, et al.

JAMA neurology 2020; (77(11)):1420-1429 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2231.

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. Part 1: Results from 163 lumbar punctures in 100 adult patients.

Jarius S, Pellkofer H, Siebert N, et al.

Journal of neuroinflammation 2020; (17(1)):261 doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01824-2.

Neural Antibody Testing in Patients with Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Budhram A, Dubey D, Sechi E, et al.

Clinical chemistry 2020; (66(12)):1496-1509 doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa254.

Neural Antibody Testing for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Canadian Single-Centre Experience.

Budhram A, Mirian A, McFadden S, et al.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2021; (48(6)):859-863 doi:10.1017/cjn.2021.23.

Clinical efficacy of plasma exchange in patients with autoimmune encephalitis.

Zhang Y, Huang HJ, Chen WB, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2021; (8(4)):763-773 doi:10.1002/acn3.51313.

Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed recommendations for symptomatic and long-term management.

Abboud H, Probasco J, Irani SR, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2021; doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-325302.

Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management.

Abboud H, Probasco JC, Irani S, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2021; (92(7)):757-768 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-325300.

Rhombencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes infection with GQ1b antibody positivity and multiple intracranial hemorrhage: a case report and literature review.

Zhao Y, Xu C, Tuo H, et al.

The Journal of international medical research 2021; (49(4)):300060521998568 doi:10.1177/0300060521998568.

Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia - S1 guideline of the German Society of Neurology.

Dziewas R, Allescher HD, Aroyo I, et al.

Neurological research and practice 2021; (3(1)):23 doi:10.1186/s42466-021-00122-3.

Autoimmune Neurology: The Need for Comprehensive Care.

Abbatemarco JR, Rodenbeck SJ, Day GS, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2021; (8(5)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000001033.

On clinical findings of Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis in childhood.

Messina G, Sciuto S, Fontana A, et al.

Journal of integrative neuroscience 2021; (20(2)):509-513 doi:10.31083/j.jin2002054.

How Patients with an Uncertain Diagnosis Experience Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Grounded Theory Study.

Yang Z, Zhao X, Zhu Z, et al.

Psychology research and behavior management 2021; (14()):1269-1279 doi:10.2147/PRBM.S318263.

Validation of the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Study.

Cai MT, Lai QL, Zheng Y, et al.

Neurology and therapy 2021; (10(2)):985-1000 doi:10.1007/s40120-021-00278-9.

The brainstem in multiple sclerosis: MR identification of tracts and nuclei damage.

Nguyen TH, Vaussy A, Le Gaudu V, et al.

Insights into imaging 2021; (12(1)):151 doi:10.1186/s13244-021-01101-7.

Neurological and cognitive outcomes after antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis in children.

Gadian J, Eyre M, Konstantoulaki E, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2022; (64(5)):649-653 doi:10.1111/dmcn.15101.

Brain biopsy in patients with CLIPPERS syndrome: why and when.

Galazky I, Büntjen L, Voges J, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2022; (15()):17562864211062821 doi:10.1177/17562864211062821.

The safety and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune encephalitis.

Lee ST, Lee HS, Lee WJ, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2022; (9(5)):610-621 doi:10.1002/acn3.51540.

Multidisciplinary Care of Patients with Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Epilepsy: Current Perspectives.

Tumienė B, Del Toro Riera M, Grikiniene J, et al.

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare 2022; (15()):553-566 doi:10.2147/JMDH.S251863.

Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes.

Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2022; (145(10)):3509-3521 doi:10.1093/brain/awac166.

Diagnostic uncertainty in patients, parents, and physicians: a compensatory control theory perspective.

McKoane A, Sherman DK

Health psychology review 2023; (17(3)):439-455 doi:10.1080/17437199.2022.2086899.

Clinical Reasoning: A 43-Year-Old Man With Subacute Onset of Vision Disturbances, Jaw Spasms, and Balance and Sleep Difficulties.

Orozco E, Guo Y, Chen JJ, et al.

Neurology 2022; (99(9)):387-392 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200950.

Treatment Options in Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Dinoto A, Ferrari S, Mariotto S

CNS drugs 2022; (36(9)):919-931 doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00943-z.

Critical care management of meningitis and encephalitis: an update.

Thy M, Gaudemer A, Vellieux G, Sonneville R

Current opinion in critical care 2022; (28(5)):486-494 doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000980.

Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of CLIPPERS: A comprehensive systematic review of 140 patients from 100 studies.

Al-Chalabi M, DelCimmuto NR, Beran A, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (68()):104112 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104112.

Evaluation of multiple consensus criteria for autoimmune encephalitis and temporal analysis of symptoms in a pediatric encephalitis cohort.

Pointon T, Ward R, Yeshokumar A, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2022; (13()):952317 doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.952317.

Postdischarge Glucocorticoid Use and Clinical Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Son MBF, Berbert L, Young C, et al.

JAMA network open 2022; (5(11)):e2241622 doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.41622.

Autoimmune Encephalitis Misdiagnosis in Adults.

Flanagan EP, Geschwind MD, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, et al.

JAMA neurology 2023; (80(1)):30-39 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4251.

Transcription factors regulating the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons.

Xia Y, Cui K, Alonso A, et al.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2022; (15()):1072475 doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1072475.

Autoimmune Encephalitis Criteria in Clinical Practice.

Orozco E, Valencia-Sanchez C, Britton J, et al.

Neurology. Clinical practice 2023; (13(3)):e200151 doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200151.

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis: utility and pitfalls for antibody-negative disease.

Dalmau J, Graus F

The Lancet. Neurology 2023; (22(6)):529-540 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00083-2.

[Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in neurology].

Lapa S

Der Nervenarzt 2023; (94(8)):664-675 doi:10.1007/s00115-023-01517-0.

Mimics of Autoimmune Encephalitis: Validation of the 2016 Clinical Autoimmune Encephalitis Criteria.

Van Steenhoven RW, de Vries JM, Bruijstens AL, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2023; (10(6)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200148.

The role of intrathecal free light chains kappa for the detection of autoimmune encephalitis in subacute onset neuropsychiatric syndromes.

Bertram D, Tsaktanis T, Berthele A, Korn T

Scientific reports 2023; (13(1)):17224 doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44427-6.

Survival Analysis of Immunotherapy Effects on Relapse Rate in Pediatric and Adult Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Yang JH, Liu EN, Nguyen L, et al.

Neurology 2023; (101(22)):e2300-e2313 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207746.

Antibody-Negative Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Mojžišová H, Krýsl D, Hanzalová J, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2023; (10(6)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200170.

Canadian Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Adults.

Hahn C, Budhram A, Alikhani K, et al.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2024; 1-21 doi:10.1017/cjn.2024.16.

Autoimmune and inflammatory neurological disorders in the intensive care unit.

Legouy C, Cervantes A, Sonneville R, Thakur KT

Current opinion in critical care 2024; (30(2)):142-150 doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000001139.

Clinical features and outcomes in children with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis.

Madani J, Yea C, Mahjoub A, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2024; (66(10)):1310-1318 doi:10.1111/dmcn.15896.

Study on clinical features and factors related to long-term outcomes of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis.

Han B, Dai Y, Peng J, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2024; (11(5)):1325-1337 doi:10.1002/acn3.52049.

Swallowing Characteristics and Water Swallow Capacity in Patients with Parkinsonism.

Martell P, Skogar Ö, Bergström L

Dysphagia 2024; (39(6)):1078-1089 doi:10.1007/s00455-024-10685-3.

Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Irani SR

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2024; (30(4)):995-1020 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000001448.

Brazilian consensus recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis in the adult and pediatric populations.

Dutra LA, Silva PVC, Ferreira JHF, et al.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2024; (82(7)):1-15 doi:10.1055/s-0044-1788586.

Long-term outcomes in antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.

Mangioris G, Orozco E, Dubey D, et al.

Journal of neurology 2024; (271(12)):7502-7515 doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12680-y.

Efficacy and safety of different oral prednisone tapering courses in adult anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Cai L, Li G, Abdulaziz AT, et al.

Epilepsia 2024; (65(11)):3199-3215 doi:10.1111/epi.18107.

Rhombencephalitis With Long Segment Transverse Myelitis: A Presentation With a Rare Etiology.

Dubey P, Seth S, Rao P, Naphade P

Cureus 2024; (16(9)):e69386 doi:10.7759/cureus.69386.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Heine J, Boeken OJ, Rekers S, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2025; (12(1)):e200343 doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200343.

Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis: Clinical associations, outcomes, and proposed diagnostic criteria.

Gilligan M, Thakolwiboon S, Orozco E, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2025; (12(1)):213-225 doi:10.1002/acn3.52273.

Clinical features and factors associated with outcomes of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis in patients requiring intensive care.

Li Z, He X, Li D, et al.

Critical care (London, England) 2025; (29(1)):24 doi:10.1186/s13054-024-05233-2.

Type 2 Respiratory Failure as an Initial Manifestation of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Complicated by Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Uemura S, Fujiwara S, Sasada T, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(1)):e78284 doi:10.7759/cureus.78284.

How the clinical encounter shapes diagnostic uncertainty in pediatric chronic pain.

Neville A, Clemente I, Meldrum ML, et al.

The journal of pain 2025; (32()):105406 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105406.

Does the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Improve Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Autoimmune Encephalitis? A Systematic Review.

Kalra A, Mackay O, Thomas-Jones E, et al.

Brain and behavior 2025; (15(5)):e70491 doi:10.1002/brb3.70491.

Uncommon Non-MS Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System.

Mukherjee A, Roy D, Chakravarty A

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2025; (25(1)):45 doi:10.1007/s11910-025-01432-8.

Listeria rhombencephalitis in the postpartum period.

Schneider J, Kim JY, Oey M

BMJ case reports 2025; (18(7)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2025-266790.

Clinical features and outcomes of paediatric probable antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis.

Kim HJ, Cha JH, Kim W, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2026; (68(4)):549-557 doi:10.1111/dmcn.16456.

Rhombencephalitis associated with varicella-zoster virus masquerading as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Al Shaaibi K, Phoophiboon V, Burns KEA

BMC neurology 2025; (25(1)):324 doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04245-x.

Harmful words: A qualitative survey of pain clinicians' perspectives on unhelpful messages in chronic pain.

Jordan A, Brook-Rowland P, Noel M, Gauntlett-Gilbert J

The journal of pain 2025; (35()):105524 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105524.

The relationship between patient-reported quality of life and clinician-rated outcome scores in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a study of the Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium.

Kazzi C, Seery N, Griffith S, et al.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 2025; (34(12)):3635-3648 doi:10.1007/s11136-025-04052-4.

Subjective psychiatric symptoms in post-acute autoimmune encephalitis: findings from the Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium.

Ko KY, Kazzi C, Seery N, et al.

Journal of neurology 2025; (272(10)):665 doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13353-0.

Subjective neuropsychological deficits in autoimmune encephalitis: Patient-informant discrepancies and cognitive test outcomes.

Ko KY, Seery N, Kazzi C, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2025; (478()):123709 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2025.123709.

Clinical efficacy and immunomodulation of double-filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective study highlighting the importance of timely initiation.

Li H, Wang K, Li Q, et al.

Journal of translational autoimmunity 2025; (11()):100318 doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100318.

Rituximab for antibody-negative combined central and peripheral demyelination presenting with acute respiratory failure: a case report and literature review.

Zheng Y, Hou J, Jiang Y, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2025; (16()):1682211 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1682211.

Rituximab in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review of Indications and Clinical Considerations.

Lincoln M, McGimsey T, O'Driscoll D

Journal of intensive care medicine 2025; 8850666251409783 doi:10.1177/08850666251409783.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Features Associated With Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Di Cosmo L, Mulic-Al Bunni S, Goh Y, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2026; (13(2)):e200540 doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200540.

Immunotherapies on autoimmune encephalitis.

Lemmens CMC, Van Sonderen A, Titulaer MJ

Handbook of clinical neurology 2026; (214()):269-289 doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00004-3.

Challenges in managing prolonged intensive care unit stay for Guillain-Barré syndrome-acute motor axonal neuropathy variant.

Almakki S, Almubarak A, Alnaji Z, et al.

SAGE open medical case reports 2026; (14()):2050313X261418766 doi:10.1177/2050313X261418766.

Minimally Clinically Important Difference of the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Goh Y, Shin YH, Ahn SH, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2026; (13(6)):1283-1288 doi:10.1002/acn3.70360.

Assessing healthcare experiences and barriers to care among individuals with ectodermal dysplasia.

Swanson AK, Hammersmith KJ, Peng J, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2026; (21(1)).

Neuropsychiatric Presentation of Non-paraneoplastic Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Philip S, Kaur S, Sahonta R, Pandian JD

Cureus 2026; (18(2)):e102960 doi:10.7759/cureus.102960.

Combination Versus Monotherapy in Acute Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Real-World Dose Optimization Analysis.

Tan Y, Sun M, Liu Q, et al.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports 2026; (46(2)):e70112 doi:10.1002/npr2.70112.

Antineuronal antibody titres in autoimmune encephalitis: clinical implications for diagnosis and long-term immunotherapy.

Schwab H, Kegele J, Kowarik MC, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1771609 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1771609.

후뇌염의 영상 소견 스펙트럼: 임상 화보.

Arulnathan E, Sree S, Venugopal M, et al.

Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2026; (87(2)):292-424 doi:10.3348/jksr.2024.0129.

Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.

Plačenytė P, Giedraitienė N, Vaišvilas M

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2026; (62(5)) doi:10.3390/medicina62050896.

Long-Term Outcomes in Antibody-Negative Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mohapatra P, Chandu M, Kumar P, et al.

Neurology. Clinical practice 2026; (16(2)):e200602 doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200602.

Case Report: A case of paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis with concurrent anti-GABABR and anti-SOX1 antibody positivity.

Liu F, Jiang YH, Hu YF, et al.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2026; (20()):1816167 doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1816167.

Case Report: Anti-GQ1b antibody-positive overlap syndrome: a pediatric case involving the brainstem, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Zhang SJ, Zhu W, Ying QL, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1821721 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1821721.

Relapse predictors and brain atrophy in antibody-positive and antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter cohort study.

Tang XH, Wang JX, Li H, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1879021 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1879021.