Research & Literature

Simultaneously increased fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels and blood eosinophil counts relate to increased asthma morbidity.

Malinovschi A, Janson C, Borres M, Alving K

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2016; (138(5)):1301-1308.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.044.

How to manage a child with difficult asthma?

Saglani S, Fleming L

Expert review of respiratory medicine 2016; (10(8)):873-9 doi:10.1080/17476348.2016.1191355.

Role of biologics in severe eosinophilic asthma - focus on reslizumab.

Pelaia G, Vatrella A, Busceti MT, et al.

Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2016; (12()):1075-82 doi:10.2147/TCRM.S111862.

Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Mepolizumab in Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: A Multi-center, Open-label, Phase IIIb Study.

Lugogo N, Domingo C, Chanez P, et al.

Clinical therapeutics 2016; (38(9)):2058-2070.e1.

Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Bleecker ER, FitzGerald JM, Chanez P, et al.

Lancet (London, England) 2016; (388(10056)):2115-2127 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31324-1.

Phenotype-Driven Therapeutics in Severe Asthma.

Opina MT, Moore WC

Current allergy and asthma reports 2017; (17(2)):10 doi:10.1007/s11882-017-0678-1.

Severe eosinophilic asthma: from the pathogenic role of interleukin-5 to the therapeutic action of mepolizumab.

Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Busceti MT, et al.

Drug design, development and therapy 2017; (11()):3137-3144 doi:10.2147/DDDT.S150656.

A Practical Approach to Severe Asthma in Children.

Barsky EE, Giancola LM, Baxi SN, Gaffin JM

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2018; (15(4)):399-408 doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201708-637FR.

Development of Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis in a Patient With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Negative Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

Nakano Y, Miyawaki Y, Sada KE, et al.

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2019; (25(5)):e61 doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000694.

A 92-Year-Old Male with Eosinophilic Asthma Presenting with Recurrent Palpable Purpuric Plaques.

Negbenebor NA, Khalifian S, Foreman RK, Kroshinsky D

Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) 2018; (5(1)):44-48 doi:10.1159/000485969.

Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Glucocorticoid-Dependent Severe Asthma.

Rabe KF, Nair P, Brusselle G, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2018; (378(26)):2475-2485 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1804093.

Churg-Strauss Syndrome or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Exuberant Classic Clinical Picture of a Rare Disease.

Mukamal LV, Sodré CT, Prata LB, et al.

Case reports in dermatology 2018; (10(2)):175-181 doi:10.1159/000489162.

Context-Dependent Regulation of Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function by Allergic Mediators.

García-Posadas L, Hodges RR, Diebold Y, Dartt DA

Scientific reports 2018; (8(1)):12162 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30002-x.

Consequences of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy and its side-effects in severe asthma in adults: a focused review of the impact data in the literature.

Volmer T, Effenberger T, Trautner C, Buhl R

The European respiratory journal 2018; (52(4)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00703-2018.

Remotely Monitored Therapy and Nitric Oxide Suppression Identifies Nonadherence in Severe Asthma.

Heaney LG, Busby J, Bradding P, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2019; (199(4)):454-464 doi:10.1164/rccm.201806-1182OC.

Dupilumab side effect in a patient with atopic dermatitis: a case report study.

Albader SS, Alharbi AA, Alenezi RF, Alsaif FM

Biologics : targets & therapy 2019; (13()):79-82 doi:10.2147/BTT.S195512.

Ocular Surface Diseases Induced by Dupilumab in Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Maudinet A, Law-Koune S, Duretz C, et al.

Ophthalmology and therapy 2019; (8(3)):485-490 doi:10.1007/s40123-019-0191-9.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Experiences in Korean Patients.

Choi CB, Park YB, Lee SW

Yonsei medical journal 2019; (60(8)):705-712 doi:10.3349/ymj.2019.60.8.705.

Activation through toll-like receptor 2 on group 2 innate lymphoid cells can induce asthmatic characteristics.

Ishii T, Muroi M, Horiguchi K, et al.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2019; (49(12)):1624-1632 doi:10.1111/cea.13490.

Management of severe asthma: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline.

Holguin F, Cardet JC, Chung KF, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2020; (55(1)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00588-2019.

Interleukin-5 in the Pathophysiology of Severe Asthma.

Pelaia C, Paoletti G, Puggioni F, et al.

Frontiers in physiology 2019; (10()):1514 doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01514.

Antibodies targeting the interleukin-5 signaling pathway used as add-on therapy for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: a review of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the subcutaneously administered agents, mepolizumab and benralizumab.

Hillas G, Fouka E, Papaioannou AI

Expert review of respiratory medicine 2020; (14(4)):353-365 doi:10.1080/17476348.2020.1718495.

Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines - recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma.

Agache I, Beltran J, Akdis C, et al.

Allergy 2020; (75(5)):1023-1042 doi:10.1111/all.14221.

In Vivo Allergen-Activated Eosinophils Promote Collagen I and Fibronectin Gene Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma.

Janulaityte I, Januskevicius A, Kalinauskaite-Zukauske V, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2020; (21(5)) doi:10.3390/ijms21051837.

Differential clinicopathologic features of EGPA-associated neuropathy with and without ANCA.

Nishi R, Koike H, Ohyama K, et al.

Neurology 2020; (94(16)):e1726-e1737 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009309.

Reslizumab as add-on therapy in patients with refractory asthma.

Virchow JC, McDonald M, Garin M, Korn S

BMJ open respiratory research 2020; (7(1)) doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000494.

Targeting IL-5 pathway against airway hyperresponsiveness: A comparison between benralizumab and mepolizumab.

Calzetta L, Ritondo BL, Matera MG, et al.

British journal of pharmacology 2020; (177(20)):4750-4765 doi:10.1111/bph.15240.

Mepolizumab as Possible Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Review of Eight Cases.

Tolebeyan A, Mohammadi O, Vaezi Z, Amini A

Cureus 2020; (12(8)):e9684 doi:10.7759/cureus.9684.

NAVIGATOR: a phase 3 multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in adults and adolescents with severe, uncontrolled asthma.

Menzies-Gow A, Colice G, Griffiths JM, et al.

Respiratory research 2020; (21(1)):266 doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01526-6.

The Relationship of Asthma Biologics to Remission for Asthma.

Menzies-Gow A, Szefler SJ, Busse WW

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2021; (9(3)):1090-1098 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.035.

MiR-135b Alleviates Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Children and Experimental Mice with Asthma via Regulating CXCL12.

Liu Y, Huo SG, Xu L, et al.

Immunological investigations 2022; (51(3)):496-510 doi:10.1080/08820139.2020.1841221.

The emerging role of type 2 inflammation in asthma.

Andrea M, Susanna B, Francesca N, et al.

Expert review of clinical immunology 2021; (17(1)):63-71 doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1860755.

Difficult and Severe Asthma in Children.

Porcaro F, Ullmann N, Allegorico A, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2020; (7(12)) doi:10.3390/children7120286.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and asthma treatment adherence.

Butler CA, Heaney LG

Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2021; (21(1)):59-64 doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000704.

Cardiac Eosinophilic Masses in Man With Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

Amidi O, Siebert VRJ, Allison J, Hamzeh IR

Texas Heart Institute journal 2020; (47(4)):337-338 doi:10.14503/THIJ-19-7084.

T2-high Asthma, Classified by Sputum mRNA Expression of IL4, IL5, and IL13, is Characterized by Eosinophilia and Severe Phenotype.

Rijavec M, Krumpestar T, Škrgat S, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (11(2)) doi:10.3390/life11020092.

Clinical evaluation of type 2 disease status in a real-world population of difficult to manage asthma using historic electronic healthcare records of blood eosinophil counts.

Azim A, Newell C, Barber C, et al.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2021; (51(6)):811-820 doi:10.1111/cea.13841.

Difficult to Treat and Severe Asthma: Management Strategies.

Narasimhan K

American family physician 2021; (103(5)):286-290.

The Patients' Experience of Severe Asthma Add-On Pharmacotherapies: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Clark VL, Gibson PG, McDonald VM

Journal of asthma and allergy 2021; (14()):245-258 doi:10.2147/JAA.S296147.

Defining type 2 asthma and patients eligible for dupilumab in Italy: a biomarker-based analysis.

Canonica GW, Blasi F, Crimi N, et al.

Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA 2021; (19(1)):5 doi:10.1186/s12948-021-00146-9.

Precision Medicine for Paediatric Severe Asthma: Current Status and Future Direction.

Ramphul M, Lo DKH, Gaillard EA

Journal of asthma and allergy 2021; (14()):525-538 doi:10.2147/JAA.S265657.

Baseline FeNO as a prognostic biomarker for subsequent severe asthma exacerbations in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma receiving placebo in the LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST study: a post-hoc analysis.

Busse WW, Wenzel SE, Casale TB, et al.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2021; (9(10)):1165-1173 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00124-7.

Successful treatment with benralizumab in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis refractory to mepolizumab.

Menzella F, Galeone C, Ghidoni G, et al.

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine 2021; (16(1)):779 doi:10.4081/mrm.2021.779.

Effective Management of Severe Asthma with Biologic Medications in Adult Patients: A Literature Review and International Expert Opinion.

Buhl R, Bel E, Bourdin A, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2022; (10(2)):422-432 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.059.

[The diagnostic approach to difficult-to-treat asthma and severe asthma].

Venancio-Hernández M, Mendieta-Flores E, Mendiola-Marín J, et al.

Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 2022; (69 Suppl 1()):s94-s111 doi:10.29262/ram.v69iSupl1.1046.

2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Grayson PC, Ponte C, Suppiah R, et al.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2022; (81(3)):309-314 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221794.

Treatment Resistance in Severe Asthma Patients With a Combination of High Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Low Blood Eosinophil Counts.

Hoshino Y, Soma T, Uchida Y, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2022; (13()):836635 doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.836635.

Eosinophilia Induced by Blocking the IL-4/IL-13 Pathway: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.

Olaguibel JM, Sastre J, Rodríguez JM, Del Pozo V

Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology 2022; (32(3)):165-180 doi:10.18176/jiaci.0823.

The Combined Value of Type2 Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Liu Y, Ma G, Mou Y, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(10)) doi:10.3390/jcm11102791.

Characteristics, phenotypes, mechanisms and management of severe asthma.

Chung KF, Dixey P, Abubakar-Waziri H, et al.

Chinese medical journal 2022; (135(10)):1141-1155 doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001990.

Dupilumab-induced hypereosinophilia: review of the literature and algorithm proposal for clinical management.

Caminati M, Olivieri B, Dama A, et al.

Expert review of respiratory medicine 2022; (16(7)):713-721 doi:10.1080/17476348.2022.2090342.

Dupilumab Is Effective in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Uncontrolled GINA-Defined Type 2 Asthma Irrespective of an Allergic Asthma Phenotype.

Rabe KF, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2022; (10(11)):2916-2924.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.036.

Multimorbidity in Difficult Asthma: The Need for Personalised and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Address a Difficult Breathing Syndrome.

Varkonyi-Sepp J, Freeman A, Ainsworth B, et al.

Journal of personalized medicine 2022; (12(9)) doi:10.3390/jpm12091435.

Complete response to anti-interleukin-5 biologics in a real-life setting: results from the nationwide Danish Severe Asthma Register.

Soendergaard MB, Hansen S, Bjerrum AS, et al.

ERJ open research 2022; (8(4)) doi:10.1183/23120541.00238-2022.

Geographical differences in the use of oral corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma in Spain: heat map based on existing databases analyses.

Almonacid C, Fitas E, Sánchez-Covisa J, et al.

BMC pulmonary medicine 2023; (23(1)):3 doi:10.1186/s12890-022-02295-2.

Contribution of the Remission Concept to the Treatment of Asthma.

Pérez-de-Llano L, Veiga-Teijeiro I, Dacal-Rivas D

Archivos de bronconeumologia 2023; (59(9)):550-551 doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2023.03.009.

Successful Treatment With Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Case Report.

Toscano Peña A, Ali Munive A, Arevalo Y

Cureus 2023; (15(5)):e38797 doi:10.7759/cureus.38797.

[Biologics for the treatment of severe asthma: Current status report 2023].

Paçacı Çetin G, Kepil Özdemir S, Can Bostan Ö, et al.

Tuberkuloz ve toraks 2023; (71(2)):176-187 doi:10.5578/tt.20239921.

Retrospective Analysis of the Burden of Illness of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (EGPA) Versus Asthma in Commercially Insured US Patients.

Bell CF, Ajmera M, Meyers J

Cureus 2023; (15(7)):e42241 doi:10.7759/cureus.42241.

Parasitic infections related to anti-type 2 immunity monoclonal antibodies: a disproportionality analysis in the food and drug administration's adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Pera V, Brusselle GG, Riemann S, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2023; (14()):1276340 doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1276340.

When inflammation is not just inflammation-A review of systemic diseases of the nose and sinuses part 2: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Cler SJ, Ogden MA, Farrell NF, et al.

American journal of otolaryngology 2024; (45(3)):104207 doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104207.

Comparison of clinical remission criteria for severe asthma patients receiving biologic therapy.

Breslavsky A, Al Qaied A, Tsenter P, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2024; (222()):107528 doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107528.

Phenotyping of Severe Asthma in the Era of Broad-Acting Anti-Asthma Biologics.

Bourdin A, Brusselle G, Couillard S, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2024; (12(4)):809-823 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.01.023.

Tezepelumab for Severe Asthma: One Drug Targeting Multiple Disease Pathways and Patient Types.

Panettieri R, Lugogo N, Corren J, Ambrose CS

Journal of asthma and allergy 2024; (17()):219-236 doi:10.2147/JAA.S342391.

Asthma management, focused on the use of oral corticosteroids: the opinions of Italian asthmatic patients.

Latorre M, Rizzi A, Paggiaro P, et al.

The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2024; (61(10)):1294-1305 doi:10.1080/02770903.2024.2338863.

Biologic therapies for severe asthma with persistent type 2 inflammation.

Chandrasekara S, Wark P

Australian prescriber 2024; (47(2)):36-42 doi:10.18773/austprescr.2024.015.

Eosinophil-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Asthma.

Steffan BN, Townsend EA, Denlinger LC, Johansson MW

International archives of allergy and immunology 2024; (185(11)):1033-1047 doi:10.1159/000539309.

Clinical Remission Criteria and Serum Levels of Type 2 Inflammation Mediators during 24 Weeks of Treatment with the Anti-IL-5 Drug Mepolizumab in Patients with T2-High Severe Asthma.

Palacionyte J, Januskevicius A, Vasyle E, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (14(13)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics14131345.

Long-term effects of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: a 6-year real-life experience.

Stanziola AA, Candia C, Nazzaro G, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2024; (15()):1449220 doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1449220.

Eosinophilia and Adverse Effects of Dupilumab for Respiratory Indications: A Real-World Setting.

Li SH, Nehme KF, Moshkovich A, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2025; (13(1)):121-131 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.09.013.

A real-world study to evaluate effectiveness of mepolizumab in treating severe asthma in Taiwan (REMIT).

Cheng SL, Lin SM, Peng CK, et al.

Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2025; (19()):17534666241308406 doi:10.1177/17534666241308406.

The diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis has been 'masked' by asthma: a case report.

Xie H, Zhang X, Zhang J, et al.

AME case reports 2025; (9()):31 doi:10.21037/acr-24-79.

Profiling Blood Hypereosinophilia in Patients on Dupilumab Treatment for Respiratory Conditions: A Real-Life Snapshot.

Caminati M, Maule M, Bagnasco D, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2025; (13(6)):1367-1374.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2025.01.040.

Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases.

Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yazici D, et al.

Cellular & molecular immunology 2025; (22(3)):211-242 doi:10.1038/s41423-025-01261-2.

Asthma in the Biologics Era: Should Oral Corticosteroid Therapy Be Relegated to History?

Schleich F, Oppenheimer JJ, Brusselle G, et al.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 2025; (13(7)):1559-1568 doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2025.04.007.

Prevention of Cardiovascular and Other Systemic Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Asthma Treated with Biologics.

Sadatsafavi M, Tran TN, Scelo G, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2025; (211(7)):1165-1174 doi:10.1164/rccm.202501-0246OC.

Conjunctivitis in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis Treated with Dupilumab: An Observational Study of Clinical Characteristics, Symptomatology, and Treatment.

Asbell P, Akpek E, Chamberlain W, et al.

Advances in therapy 2025; (42(7)):3285-3305 doi:10.1007/s12325-025-03209-4.

Biomarker profile and disease burden associated with intermittent and long-term oral corticosteroid use in patients with severe asthma prior to biologic initiation in real-life (STAR).

Schleich F, Larenas-Linnemann D, Altraja A, et al.

The World Allergy Organization journal 2025; (18(7)):101066 doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2025.101066.

Factors influencing the real-world effectiveness of benralizumab in uncontrolled asthma.

Del Mar Sánchez Suárez M, Martín Roldan A, Rojo-Tolosa S, et al.

Scientific reports 2025; (15(1)):21777 doi:10.1038/s41598-025-07275-0.

Cardiac Involvement in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Srikantharajah M, Gopalan D, Wilson-Morkeh H, et al.

Current cardiology reports 2025; (27(1)):109.

Effectiveness of Mepolizumab in Patients with OCS-Dependent Severe Asthma: A Real-World Study.

Bavbek S, Al-Ahmad M, Samaha H, et al.

Advances in therapy 2025; (42(11)):5481-5498 doi:10.1007/s12325-025-03338-w.

Real-world evidence of tezepelumab for severe asthma: a retrospective multicentre cohort.

Khateeb J, Kramer MR, Freund O, et al.

ERJ open research 2025; (11(5)) doi:10.1183/23120541.00314-2025.

A rare case of keloid combined with bullous pemphigoid.

Zhang Y, Gong Y, Shi X, et al.

Dermatology reports 2025; doi:10.4081/dr.2025.10484.

Osteoporosis in Severe Asthmatic Patients: Data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) Registry.

Latorre M, Costanzo G, Ledda AG, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(20)) doi:10.3390/jcm14207387.

A presentation of recurrent cerebral ischemic stroke in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report.

Gregory B, Al Mahrizi AD, Gill H, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2025; (19(1)):570 doi:10.1186/s13256-025-05591-7.

Modifying the course of asthma: mechanisms and strategies for clinical remission.

Bondi B, Bagnasco D, Braido F

Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2026; (26(1)):52-58 doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000001129.

A review of the safety of antibody therapy in severe eosinophilic asthma.

Matera MG, De Novellis V, Rogliani P, Cazzola M

Expert review of respiratory medicine 2026; (20(6)):673-692 doi:10.1080/17476348.2025.2607151.