Research & Literature

The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.9 in visceral pain.

Hockley JR, Winchester WJ, Bulmer DC

Neurogastroenterology and motility 2016; (28(3)):316-26 doi:10.1111/nmo.12698.

Small fiber neuropathy: Getting bigger!

Chan AC, Wilder-Smith EP

Muscle & nerve 2016; (53(5)):671-82 doi:10.1002/mus.25082.

Diagnostic value of blood tests for occult causes of initially idiopathic small-fiber polyneuropathy.

Lang M, Treister R, Oaklander AL

Journal of neurology 2016; (263(12)):2515-2527 doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8270-5.

Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Relevance in the Management of Chronic Pruritus: a Review.

Pereira MP, Mühl S, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, et al.

Dermatology and therapy 2016; (6(4)):509-517 doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0146-1.

Diagnostic Criteria for Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Blackmore D, Siddiqi ZA

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2017; (18(3)):125-131 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000154.

Small fiber neuropathy: a disabling and underrecognized syndrome.

Voortman M, Fritz D, Vogels OJM, et al.

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2017; (23(5)):447-457 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000413.

Clinical Characteristics, Electrophysiology, and Skin Biopsy of 38 Peripheral Neuropathy Cases with Small Fiber Involvement of Various Etiologies.

Sun B, Liu LZ, Li YF, et al.

Chinese medical journal 2017; (130(14)):1683-1688 doi:10.4103/0366-6999.209897.

Influence of age and gender on the function of postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor axons.

Mal K, Abhishekh HA, Chawla MP, et al.

The National medical journal of India 2017; (30(3)):136-138.

The histopathological evaluation of small fiber neuropathy in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Güneş HN, Bekircan-Kurt CE, Tan E, Erdem-Özdamar S

Acta neurologica Belgica 2018; (118(3)):405-410 doi:10.1007/s13760-017-0847-y.

Autonomic Reflex Screen Test Abnormalities in Cold-Induced Sweating Syndrome Type 1.

El-Dokla AM, Ferdous J, Ali ST, Alam K

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2017; (19(2)):76-79 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000184.

Quantitative and qualitative normative dataset for intraepidermal nerve fibers using skin biopsy.

Collongues N, Samama B, Schmidt-Mutter C, et al.

PloS one 2018; (13(1)):e0191614 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191614.

Small Fiber Polyneuropathy Is Prevalent in Patients Experiencing Complex Chronic Pelvic Pain.

Chen A, De E, Argoff C

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) 2019; (20(3)):521-527 doi:10.1093/pm/pny001.

The role of skin biopsy in differentiating small-fiber neuropathy from ganglionopathy.

Provitera V, Gibbons CH, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, et al.

European journal of neurology 2018; (25(6)):848-853 doi:10.1111/ene.13608.

Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, et al.

JAMA 2018; (319(9)):872-882 doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0899.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy.

Iqbal Z, Azmi S, Yadav R, et al.

Clinical therapeutics 2018; (40(6)):828-849 doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.04.001.

Fibromyalgia: is it a neuropathic pain?

Cheng CW, Wong CS, Hui GK, et al.

Pain management 2018; (8(5)):377-388 doi:10.2217/pmt-2018-0024.

A disease mutation reveals a role for NaV1.9 in acute itch.

Salvatierra J, Diaz-Bustamante M, Meixiong J, et al.

The Journal of clinical investigation 2018; (128(12)):5434-5447.

The Clinical Features of Painful Small-Fiber Neuropathy Suggesting an Origin Linked to Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Zouari HG, Wahab A, Ng Wing Tin S, et al.

Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2019; (19(4)):426-434 doi:10.1111/papr.12763.

Small fiber neuropathy in coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.

Zis P, Sarrigiannis PG, Rao DG, et al.

Postgraduate medicine 2019; (131(7)):496-500 doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1650609.

Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Farhad K

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2019; (19(12)):103 doi:10.1007/s11910-019-1020-1.

Small fiber neuropathy in Sjögren syndrome: Comparison with other small fiber neuropathies.

Descamps E, Henry J, Labeyrie C, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2020; (61(4)):515-520 doi:10.1002/mus.26824.

Prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and small fiber neuropathy.

Thaisetthawatkul P, Lyden E, Americo Fernandes J, Herrmann DN

Muscle & nerve 2020; (61(4)):475-479 doi:10.1002/mus.26825.

Assessment of cutaneous axon-reflex responses to evaluate functional integrity of autonomic small nerve fibers.

Hijazi MM, Buchmann SJ, Sedghi A, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2020; (41(7)):1685-1696 doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04293-w.

All-cause mortality in patients with long-term opioid therapy compared with non-opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain: a database study.

Häuser W, Schubert T, Vogelmann T, et al.

BMC medicine 2020; (18(1)):162 doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01644-4.

Diagnostic criteria for idiopathic small fiber neuropathy: A systematic review.

Haroutounian S, Todorovic MS, Leinders M, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2021; (63(2)):170-177 doi:10.1002/mus.27070.

Electrodiagnostic Testing of Small Fiber Neuropathies: A Review of Existing Guidelines.

Casanova-Molla J, Valls-Solé J

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2020; (37(4)):288-293 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000681.

Advances in the Management of Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Zeidman LA

Neurologic clinics 2021; (39(1)):113-131 doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2020.09.006.

Contribution of Skin Biopsy in Peripheral Neuropathies.

Nolano M, Tozza S, Caporaso G, Provitera V

Brain sciences 2020; (10(12)) doi:10.3390/brainsci10120989.

Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density as Measured by Skin Punch Biopsy as a Marker for Small Fiber Neuropathy: Application in Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Kelley MA, Hackshaw KV

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (11(3)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics11030536.

Considerations for single- versus multiple-drug pharmacotherapy in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy.

Pafili K, Papanas N

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2021; (22(16)):2267-2280 doi:10.1080/14656566.2021.1909570.

Small Fiber Neuropathy in the Elderly.

Zhou L

Clinics in geriatric medicine 2021; (37(2)):279-288 doi:10.1016/j.cger.2021.01.002.

The challenge of differentiating fibromyalgia from small-fiber neuropathy in clinical practice.

Bailly F

Joint bone spine 2021; (88(6)):105232 doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105232.

The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Sloan G, Alam U, Selvarajah D, Tesfaye S

Current diabetes reviews 2022; (18(5)):e070721194556 doi:10.2174/1573399817666210707112413.

Ten kHz spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic peripheral polyneuropathy: 12-Month results from prospective open-label pilot study.

Galan V, Scowcroft J, Chang P, et al.

Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2021; (21(8)):898-906 doi:10.1111/papr.13059.

Diagnosing small fiber neuropathy in clinical practice: a deep phenotyping study.

Egenolf N, Zu Altenschildesche CM, Kreß L, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2021; (14()):17562864211004318 doi:10.1177/17562864211004318.

Non-length-dependent small fiber neuropathy: Not a matter of stockings and gloves.

Gemignani F, Bellanova MF, Saccani E, Pavesi G

Muscle & nerve 2022; (65(1)):10-28 doi:10.1002/mus.27379.

Small Fiber Neuropathy Incidence, Prevalence, Longitudinal Impairments, and Disability.

Johnson SA, Shouman K, Shelly S, et al.

Neurology 2021; (97(22)):e2236-e2247 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012894.

Peripheral neuropathy in sarcoidosis.

Tavee J

Journal of neuroimmunology 2022; (368()):577864 doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577864.

Central sensitisation pain and autonomic deficiencies in fibromyalgia.

Garcia-Hernandez A, de la Coba P, Reyes Del Paso GA

Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2022; (40(6)):1202-1209 doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/n280oi.

The Human SCN9A Point Mutation Induces Pain Hypersensitivity and Spontaneous Pain in Mice.

Xue Y, Kremer M, Muniz Moreno MDM, et al.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2022; (15()):913990 doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.913990.

Stimulating Results Signal a New Treatment Option for People Living With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Armstrong DG, Grunberger G

Journal of diabetes science and technology 2023; (17(5)):1387-1391 doi:10.1177/19322968221099542.

Investigation of nerve fibers in the skin by biopsy: technical aspects, indications, and contribution to diagnosis of small-fiber neuropathy.

Raicher I, Ravagnani LHC, Correa SG, et al.

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022; (20()):eMD8044 doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2022MD8044.

Pain triangle phenomenon in possible association with SCN9A: A case report.

Sopacua M, Hoeijmakers JGJ, van der Kooi AJ, et al.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2022; (10(10)):e2026 doi:10.1002/mgg3.2026.

Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small-Fiber Neuropathy.

Oaklander AL, Dalakas MC

Neurology 2022; (99(15)):675-676 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000201313.

Indirect Comparison of 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) versus Traditional Low-Frequency SCS for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Hoelzer BC, Edgar D, Lu SP, Taylor RS

Biomedicines 2022; (10(10)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines10102630.

Knowing the Enemy Is Halfway towards Victory: A Scoping Review on Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia.

Sampaio-Cunha TJ, Martins I

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(20)) doi:10.3390/jcm11206161.

Real-world utilization patterns of intravenous immunoglobulin in adults with generalized myasthenia gravis in the United States.

Qi CZ, Hughes T, Gelinas D, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2022; (443()):120480 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120480.

Skin Biopsy and Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Testing in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Zhang R, Mayuga K, Shields R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31021 doi:10.7759/cureus.31021.

Living with small fiber neuropathy: insights from qualitative focus group interviews.

Damci A, Hoeijmakers JGJ, de Jong J, et al.

The Journal of international medical research 2022; (50(11)):3000605221132463 doi:10.1177/03000605221132463.

Central Sensitization and Small-fiber Neuropathy Are Associated in Patients With Fibromyalgia.

Dumolard A, Lefaucheur JP, Hodaj E, et al.

The Clinical journal of pain 2023; (39(1)):8-14 doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000001085.

Small fiber neuropathy with long-term, multifocal paresthesias after a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, de Almeida AG

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2023; (78()):100186 doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100186.

Pure small fiber neuropathy in alcohol dependency detected by skin biopsy.

Kokotis P, Papantoniou M, Schmelz M, et al.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 2023; (111()):67-73 doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.05.006.

Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Treatments for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Jang HN, Oh TJ

Diabetes & metabolism journal 2023; (47(6)):743-756 doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0018.

A case of erythromelalgia with gastrointestinal dysautonomia treated with immunoglobulin: A case report.

Bourkas AN, Geng R, Sibbald M, Sibbald RG

SAGE open medical case reports 2023; (11()):2050313X231213137 doi:10.1177/2050313X231213137.

Improvement in Protective Sensation: Clinical Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial for Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Argoff CE, Armstrong DG, Kagan ZB, et al.

Journal of diabetes science and technology 2025; (19(4)):992-998 doi:10.1177/19322968231222271.

Gastrointestinal manifestations seen in pediatric patients diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy.

Nabar S, Fernandez J, Prakash V, Safder S

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024; (78(3)):583-591 doi:10.1002/jpn3.12099.

Update on Treating Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review of Current US Guidelines with a Focus on the Most Recently Approved Management Options.

Mallick-Searle T, Adler JA

Journal of pain research 2024; (17()):1005-1028 doi:10.2147/JPR.S442595.

Small fiber neuropathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic orthostatic intolerance and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A retrospective study.

Moak JP, Ramwell CB, Gordish-Dressman H, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2024; (253()):103163 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103163.

Case-Control Study of Individuals With Small Fiber Neuropathy After COVID-19.

McAlpine L, Zubair AS, Joseph P, Spudich S

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2024; (11(3)):e200244 doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200244.

Reliable Method for Estimating Nerve Fiber Density in Epidermis Using Routine Histopathologic Tissue Preparation: A Promising Diagnostic Tool for Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Aspegren O, Pourhamidi K

Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 2024; (32(5)):215-221 doi:10.1097/PAI.0000000000001193.

Small fiber neuropathy in irritable bowel syndrome.

Motaghi P, Adibi I, Adibi P, Ghasemi M

Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench 2024; (17(1)):57-63 doi:10.22037/ghfbb.v17i1.2827.

Painful stimulation increases functional connectivity between supplementary motor area and thalamus in patients with small fibre neuropathy.

Scheliga S, Dohrn MF, Kellermann T, et al.

European journal of pain (London, England) 2025; (29(2)):e4720 doi:10.1002/ejp.4720.

Correlates and Predictors of Symptom Severity Over Time in People Under Investigation for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Knoop I, Jones ASK, Gall N, et al.

Psychosomatic medicine 2024; (86(9)):800-809 doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000001346.

Assessment of small fiber neuropathy and distal sensory neuropathy in female patients with fibromyalgia.

Min HK, Im S, Park GY, Moon SJ

The Korean journal of internal medicine 2024; (39(6)):989-1000 doi:10.3904/kjim.2024.038.

The Detection of Peripheral Neuropathy by Clinical Scales in Patients Diagnosed With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Papantoniou M, Rentzos M, Anagnostou E, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(10)):e70941 doi:10.7759/cureus.70941.

Orthostatic intolerance with tachycardia (postural tachycardia syndrome) and without (hypocapnic cerebral hypoperfusion) represent a spectrum of the same disorder.

Novak P, Systrom DM, Witte A, Marciano SP

Frontiers in neurology 2024; (15()):1476918 doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1476918.

Small-Vessel Vasculitis or Perifolliculitis in Small-Fiber Neuropathy With TS-HDS, FGFR-3, or Plexin D1 Antibodies.

Zeidman LA, Levine T, Cangelosi J

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2024; (26(2)):63-69 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000492.

Direct Binding of FGFR3 Autoantibodies to Sensory Neurons Drives Hyperexcitability and Mechanical Pain Hypersensitivity.

Salih LY, Dumaire N, Vest E, et al.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025; doi:10.1101/2025.06.01.657230.

Blood 1-Deoxysphingolipid Levels Are Associated With Epidermal Denervation in Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Kreß L, Meyer Zu Altenschildesche C, Egenolf N, et al.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS 2025; (30(4)):e70089 doi:10.1111/jns.70089.

Diagnostic and Screening Laboratory Tests in the Assessment of Patients With Small Fiber Neuropathy: An Evidence-Based Review-Report of the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Small Fiber Neuropathy Task Force.

Katzberg HD, So Y, Brannagan T, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2026; (73(6)):952-960 doi:10.1002/mus.70119.

Targeting Nav Channels for Pain Relief: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Xie Y, Huang X, Lu F, Huang J

International journal of molecular sciences 2026; (27(3)) doi:10.3390/ijms27031180.