Research & Literature

Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: A randomized, placebo-controlled study in RRMS.

Kappos L, Radue EW, Comi G, et al.

Neurology 2015; (85(1)):29-39 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001706.

Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis and emerging indications: appropriate patient selection, safety precautions, and special considerations.

Ayzenberg I, Hoepner R, Kleiter I

Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2016; (12()):261-72 doi:10.2147/TCRM.S65558.

The EDSS-Plus, an improved endpoint for disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Cadavid D, Cohen JA, Freedman MS, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2017; (23(1)):94-105 doi:10.1177/1352458516638941.

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Willis MA, Fox RJ

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2016; (22(3)):785-98 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000323.

Defining secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Lorscheider J, Buzzard K, Jokubaitis V, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2016; (139(Pt 9)):2395-405 doi:10.1093/brain/aww173.

Validity of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test as a cognition performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis.

Benedict RH, DeLuca J, Phillips G, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2017; (23(5)):721-733 doi:10.1177/1352458517690821.

A contemporary profile of primary progressive multiple sclerosis participants from the NARCOMS Registry.

Salter A, Thomas NP, Tyry T, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2018; (24(7)):951-962 doi:10.1177/1352458517711274.

Lipoic acid in secondary progressive MS: A randomized controlled pilot trial.

Spain R, Powers K, Murchison C, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2017; (4(5)):e374 doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000374.

Disease-Specific Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin Injections for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity.

Kaviani A, Khavari R

The Urologic clinics of North America 2017; (44(3)):463-474 doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.012.

Anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatment and short-term disability progression in SPMS.

Lorscheider J, Jokubaitis VG, Spelman T, et al.

Neurology 2017; (89(10)):1050-1059 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004330.

Switching natalizumab to fingolimod within 6 weeks reduces recurrence of disease activity in MS patients.

Leurs CE, van Kempen ZL, Dekker I, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2018; (24(11)):1453-1460 doi:10.1177/1352458517726381.

Evaluation of neurological changes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with immune modulator MIS416: results from a feasibility study.

Webster GA, Sim DA, La Flamme AC, Mayo NE

Pilot and feasibility studies 2017; (3()):60 doi:10.1186/s40814-017-0201-4.

Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension.

Kapoor R, Ho PR, Campbell N, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2018; (17(5)):405-415 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30069-3.

Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.

Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, et al.

Lancet (London, England) 2018; (391(10127)):1263-1273 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30475-6.

Low-dose onabotulinumtoxinA improves urinary symptoms in noncatheterizing patients with MS.

Tullman M, Chartier-Kastler E, Kohan A, et al.

Neurology 2018; (91(7)):e657-e665 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005991.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis lesions associated with fingolimod treatment: Report of 5 cases.

Sánchez P, Meca-Lallana V, Vivancos J

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2018; (25()):95-98 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.001.

Long-term evaluation of NEDA-3 status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients after switching from natalizumab to fingolimod.

Diem L, Nedeltchev K, Kahles T, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2018; (11()):1756286418791103 doi:10.1177/1756286418791103.

Recommendations for cognitive screening and management in multiple sclerosis care.

Kalb R, Beier M, Benedict RH, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2018; (24(13)):1665-1680 doi:10.1177/1352458518803785.

Effects of lipoic acid on walking performance, gait, and balance in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Loy BD, Fling BW, Horak FB, et al.

Complementary therapies in medicine 2018; (41()):169-174 doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.006.

Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis.

Lassmann H

Frontiers in immunology 2018; (9()):3116 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03116.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Multiple Sclerosis.

Barcelos IP, Troxell RM, Graves JS

Biology 2019; (8(2)) doi:10.3390/biology8020037.

A focus on secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS): challenges in diagnosis and definition.

Inojosa H, Proschmann U, Akgün K, Ziemssen T

Journal of neurology 2021; (268(4)):1210-1221 doi:10.1007/s00415-019-09489-5.

Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.

Faissner S, Plemel JR, Gold R, Yong VW

Nature reviews. Drug discovery 2019; (18(12)):905-922 doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2.

Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Patient Awareness and Needs. Results From an Online Survey in Italy and Germany.

Solari A, Giovannetti AM, Giordano A, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2019; (10()):916 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00916.

Consensus document on the multidisciplinary management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Medina-Polo J, Adot JM, Allué M, et al.

Neurourology and urodynamics 2020; (39(2)):762-770 doi:10.1002/nau.24276.

Gaining First Insights on Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Siponimod in Clinical Routine: Protocol of the Noninterventional Study AMASIA.

Ziemssen T, Hoffmann O, Klotz L, et al.

JMIR research protocols 2020; (9(7)):e19598 doi:10.2196/19598.

Neurourological assessment in people with multiple sclerosis (MS): a new evaluated algorithm.

Domurath B, Kurze I, Kirschner-Hermanns R, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2020; (44()):102248 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102248.

The risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies: A Delphi consensus statement.

Moiola L, Barcella V, Benatti S, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2021; (27(3)):331-346 doi:10.1177/1352458520952311.

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis - from neuropathology to definition and effective treatment.

Adamczyk-Sowa M, Adamczyk B, Kułakowska A, et al.

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2020; (54(5)):384-398 doi:10.5603/PJNNS.a2020.0082.

Reliability of Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Koch MW, Mostert J, Repovic P, et al.

Neurology 2021; (96(1)):e111-e120 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011123.

Transition to secondary progression in relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis: Definitions and risk factors.

Iaffaldano P, Lucisano G, Patti F, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2021; (27(3)):430-438 doi:10.1177/1352458520974366.

Siponimod and Cognition in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: EXPAND Secondary Analyses.

Benedict RHB, Tomic D, Cree BA, et al.

Neurology 2021; (96(3)):e376-e386 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011275.

Approaches and challenges in the diagnosis and management of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A Central Eastern European perspective from healthcare professionals.

Boyko A, Therapontos C, Horakova D, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2021; (50()):102778 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102778.

[Neuropsychological and MRI diagnostics in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis].

Penner IK, Gass A, Schreiber H, Wattjes MP

Der Nervenarzt 2021; (92(12)):1293-1301 doi:10.1007/s00115-021-01118-9.

Perspectives on urological care in multiple sclerosis patients.

Moussa M, Abou Chakra M, Papatsoris AG, et al.

Intractable & rare diseases research 2021; (10(2)):62-74 doi:10.5582/irdr.2021.01029.

2021 MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Wattjes MP, Ciccarelli O, Reich DS, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2021; (20(8)):653-670 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00095-8.

MRI brain volume loss, lesion burden, and clinical outcome in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Koch MW, Mostert J, Repovic P, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2022; (28(4)):561-572 doi:10.1177/13524585211031801.

Central nervous system atrophy predicts future dynamics of disability progression in a real-world multiple sclerosis cohort.

Tsagkas C, Naegelin Y, Amann M, et al.

European journal of neurology 2021; (28(12)):4153-4166 doi:10.1111/ene.15098.

Interpreting change on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis using the reliable change methodology.

Weinstock Z, Morrow S, Conway D, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2022; (28(7)):1101-1111 doi:10.1177/13524585211049397.

Charting a global research strategy for progressive MS-An international progressive MS Alliance proposal.

Thompson AJ, Carroll W, Ciccarelli O, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2022; (28(1)):16-28 doi:10.1177/13524585211059766.

Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics.

Kamma E, Lasisi W, Libner C, et al.

Journal of neuroinflammation 2022; (19(1)):45 doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02408-y.

Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: The consequences for patients and healthcare systems, a healthcare professional survey.

Caseby SCL, Woodhouse FA, Montgomery SM, et al.

Health science reports 2022; (5(1)):e474 doi:10.1002/hsr2.474.

[New MRI guidelines for multiple sclerosis].

Reith W, Hausmann A, Kettner M

Der Radiologe 2022; (62(4)):322-326 doi:10.1007/s00117-022-00991-y.

Siponimod vs placebo in active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a post hoc analysis from the phase 3 EXPAND study.

Gold R, Piani-Meier D, Kappos L, et al.

Journal of neurology 2022; (269(9)):5093-5104 doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11166-z.

The Two Sides of Siponimod: Evidence for Brain and Immune Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis.

Cohan SL, Benedict RHB, Cree BAC, et al.

CNS drugs 2022; (36(7)):703-719 doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00927-z.

Pharmacogenetics of siponimod: A systematic review.

Díaz-Villamarín X, Piñar-Morales R, Barrero-Hernández FJ, et al.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 2022; (153()):113536 doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113536.

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A national consensus paper on diagnostic criteria.

Ciron J, Gueguen A, Al Khedr A, et al.

Revue neurologique 2022; (178(10)):1098-1104 doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2022.07.004.

Effectiveness of first generation disease-modifying therapy to prevent conversion to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Tedeholm H, Piehl F, Lycke J, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (68()):104220 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104220.

A Review of Compartmentalised Inflammation and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis.

Kee R, Naughton M, McDonnell GV, et al.

Biomedicines 2022; (10(10)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines10102604.

Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Characteristics, Definition, Prognostic Tools, and Disease-Modifying Therapies.

Ziemssen T, Bhan V, Chataway J, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2023; (10(1)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200064.

Repeated forms, testing intervals, and SDMT performance in a large multiple sclerosis dataset.

Fuchs TA, Gillies J, Jaworski MG, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (68()):104375 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104375.

Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Jaekel AK, Winterhagen FI, Zeller FL, et al.

Biomedicines 2022; (10(12)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123260.

Radiological Disease Activity in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Zohar DN, Magalashvili D, Dreyer-Alster S, et al.

European neurology 2023; (86(2)):116-120 doi:10.1159/000527720.

Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing/active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis - a review of population-specific evidence from randomized clinical trials.

Bayas A, Christ M, Faissner S, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2023; (16()):17562864221146836 doi:10.1177/17562864221146836.

Patient reported outcomes in a secondary progressive MS cohort related to cognition, MRI and physical outcomes.

Theodorsdottir A, Nielsen HH, Ravnborg MH, Illes Z

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2023; (71()):104550 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104550.

Multiple sclerosis: role of meningeal lymphoid aggregates in progression independent of relapse activity.

Ransohoff RM

Trends in immunology 2023; (44(4)):266-275 doi:10.1016/j.it.2023.02.002.

Effects of Dietary Modification Based on Complementary and Alternative Iranian Medicine in Patients with Secondary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Moravejolahkami AR, Hadi S, Hadi V, et al.

Journal of integrative and complementary medicine 2023; (29(11)):747-756 doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0037.

The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.

Sharmin S, Roos I, Simpson-Yap S, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2023; (146(11)):4633-4644 doi:10.1093/brain/awad218.

Use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in multiple sclerosis: a review by the ESMRMB-GREC and ESNR Multiple Sclerosis Working Group.

Rovira À, Doniselli FM, Auger C, et al.

European radiology 2024; (34(3)):1726-1735 doi:10.1007/s00330-023-10151-y.

An individual participant meta-analysis of mirabegron in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.

Welk B, Krhut J, Sýkora R

Neurourology and urodynamics 2024; (43(4)):803-810 doi:10.1002/nau.25439.

[Siponimod (BAF312): General Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Pharmacogenomic Dosage in the Treatment of Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis].

Calfunao S, Carrasco M, Gutierrez C, et al.

Revista medica de Chile 2023; (151(10)):1375-1384 doi:10.4067/s0034-98872023001001375.

Clinical characteristics and impact on patient-reported outcomes and quality of life of people with ambulatory secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: DISCOVER study.

Oreja-Guevara C, Meca-Lallana JE, Díaz-Díaz J, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2024; (90()):105787 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105787.

Markers of secondary progression in multiple sclerosis.

Bastos A, Soares M, Guimarães J

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2024; (91()):105881 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105881.

Evaluating the effectiveness of simvastatin in slowing the progression of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT2): protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial in the UK.

Blackstone J, Williams T, Nicholas JM, et al.

BMJ open 2024; (14(9)):e086414 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086414.

The Faces of "Too Late"-A Surprisingly Progressive Cohort of "Stable" Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Ciubotaru A, Grosu C, Alexa D, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2024; (60(9)) doi:10.3390/medicina60091401.

Best supportive care for patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Germany prior to ocrelizumab treatment: Final results from the RETRO PPMS study.

Schreiber H, Penner IK, Maier T, et al.

Journal of central nervous system disease 2024; (16()):11795735241296001 doi:10.1177/11795735241296001.

MRI versus relapse: optimal activity monitoring for management of progressive multiple sclerosis.

Giovannoni G, Hetherington S, Jones E, et al.

Brain communications 2025; (7(1)):fcaf010 doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf010.

Limited added value of systematic spinal cord MRI vs brain MRI alone to classify patients with MS as active or inactive during follow-up.

Hong J, Gaubert M, Lefort M, et al.

Journal of neurology 2025; (272(4)):316 doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13068-2.

Standardized Definition of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Müller J, Sharmin S, Lorscheider J, et al.

JAMA neurology 2025; (82(6)):614-625 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0495.

Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Gravesteijn AS, Beckerman H, Willig M, et al.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2025; (106(11)):1694-1702 doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.04.004.

Progression independent of relapsing biology in multiple sclerosis: a real-word study.

Yong HYF, Camara-Lemarroy C

Frontiers in neurology 2025; (16()):1595929 doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1595929.

The impact of changing diagnostic criteria on disability in a Brazilian multiple sclerosis cohort.

Menezes FTL, Alencar JMD, Lopes AB, et al.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2025; (83(6)):1-9 doi:10.1055/s-0045-1809662.

Added value of spinal cord MRI in detecting active disease in non-relapsing progressive multiple sclerosis patients.

Vercellino M, Marasciulo S, Bosa C, et al.

Journal of neurology 2025; (272(7)):482 doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13217-7.

Longitudinal accumulation of glial activation measured by TSPO-PET predicts later brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Nylund M, Lehto J, Matilainen M, et al.

Journal of neuroinflammation 2025; (22(1)):200 doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03519-y.

Persistent progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.

Zhu C, Zhou Z, Kalincik T, et al.

Brain communications 2025; (7(5)):fcaf306 doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf306.

Beyond relapse control: motor and cognitive subclinical progression in RRMS -a real-world longitudinal study of ocrelizumab and interferon beta.

Todorović S, Vojinović S, Savić D, et al.

Acta neurologica Belgica 2026; (126(4)):1259-1268 doi:10.1007/s13760-026-03063-3.

Clinical, structural, and functional MRI features predicting PIRMA at 5-year follow-up in multiple sclerosis.

Barbuti E, Piervincenzi C, Baione V, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2026; (32(9)):950-961 doi:10.1177/13524585261445318.

Progression to Wheelchair in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and Impact of Siponimod: Post Hoc Analyses From the EXPAND Study.

Vermersch P, Arnould S, Gold R, et al.

European journal of neurology 2026; (33(6)):e70659 doi:10.1111/ene.70659.

Evaluating the effectiveness of simvastatin in slowing the progression of disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a synopsis of MS-STAT2, a multicentre, randomised controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial.

Williams T, Blackstone J, John N, et al.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) 2026; (30(55)):1-41 doi:10.3310/GJJC5820.