Research & Literature

Comparing the risk of tardive dyskinesia in older adults with first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

O'Brien A

International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2016; (31(7)):683-93 doi:10.1002/gps.4399.

Not all drug-induced parkinsonism are the same: the effect of drug class on motor phenotype.

Munhoz RP, Bertucci Filho D, Teive HA

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2017; (38(2)):319-324 doi:10.1007/s10072-016-2771-y.

Crocin prevents haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: possible an antioxidant mechanism.

Kamyar M, Razavi BM, Hasani FV, et al.

Iranian journal of basic medical sciences 2016; (19(10)):1070-1079.

Tardive Dyskinesia Prevalence in the Period of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use: A Meta-Analysis.

Carbon M, Hsieh CH, Kane JM, Correll CU

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2017; (78(3)):e264-e278 doi:10.4088/JCP.16r10832.

KINECT 3: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia.

Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, et al.

The American journal of psychiatry 2017; (174(5)):476-484 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037.

Valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed?

Citrome L

International journal of clinical practice 2017; (71(7)) doi:10.1111/ijcp.12964.

Antipsychotic-Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: Pharmacology, Criteria, and Therapy.

Chouinard G, Samaha AN, Chouinard VA, et al.

Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2017; (86(4)):189-219 doi:10.1159/000477313.

Deutetrabenazine for treatment of involuntary movements in patients with tardive dyskinesia (AIM-TD): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Anderson KE, Stamler D, Davis MD, et al.

The lancet. Psychiatry 2017; (4(8)):595-604 doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30236-5.

Efficacy of Valbenazine (NBI-98854) in Treating Subjects with Tardive Dyskinesia and Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder.

Kane JM, Correll CU, Liang GS, et al.

Psychopharmacology bulletin 2017; (47(3)):69-76 doi:10.64719/pb.4366.

Deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed?

Citrome L

International journal of clinical practice 2017; (71(11)) doi:10.1111/ijcp.13030.

The Effects of Valbenazine in Participants with Tardive Dyskinesia: Results of the 1-Year KINECT 3 Extension Study.

Factor SA, Remington G, Comella CL, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2017; (78(9)):1344-1350.

Anticholinergic medication for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.

Bergman H, Soares-Weiser K

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018; (1()):CD000204 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000204.pub2.

The nosology of tardive syndromes.

Frei K, Truong DD, Fahn S, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2018; (389()):10-16 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.008.

Tardive dyskinesia: Out of the shadows.

Hauser RA, Truong D

Journal of the neurological sciences 2018; (389()):1-3 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.009.

Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: A systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm.

Bhidayasiri R, Jitkritsadakul O, Friedman JH, Fahn S

Journal of the neurological sciences 2018; (389()):67-75 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.010.

Tardive dyskinesia: placing vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors into clinical perspective.

Citrome L

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2018; (18(4)):323-332 doi:10.1080/14737175.2018.1455504.

Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with VMAT-2 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Solmi M, Pigato G, Kane JM, Correll CU

Drug design, development and therapy 2018; (12()):1215-1238 doi:10.2147/DDDT.S133205.

Antipsychotic-Related Movement Disorders: Drug-Induced Parkinsonism vs. Tardive Dyskinesia-Key Differences in Pathophysiology and Clinical Management.

Ward KM, Citrome L

Neurology and therapy 2018; (7(2)):233-248 doi:10.1007/s40120-018-0105-0.

Tardive dyskinesia risk with first- and second-generation antipsychotics in comparative randomized controlled trials: a meta-analysis.

Carbon M, Kane JM, Leucht S, Correll CU

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 2018; (17(3)):330-340 doi:10.1002/wps.20579.

Clozapine Monotherapy as a Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: A Meta-Analysis.

Mentzel TQ, van der Snoek R, Lieverse R, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; (79(6)).

Tardive dyskinesia: Who gets it and why.

Frei K

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2019; (59()):151-154 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017.

Giant Tongue in a Patient With Chiari Malformation and Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia.

Horta R, Nascimento R, Silva A

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2019; (30(2)):e137-e138 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000005066.

Characterizing Treatment Effects of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia: Additional Results From the KINECT 3 Study.

Correll CU, Cutler AJ, Kane JM, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; (80(1)).

Antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: update on epidemiology and management.

Widschwendter CG, Hofer A

Current opinion in psychiatry 2019; (32(3)):179-184 doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000491.

Treatment Recommendations for Tardive Dyskinesia.

Ricciardi L, Pringsheim T, Barnes TRE, et al.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 2019; (64(6)):388-399 doi:10.1177/0706743719828968.

Real-World Experience With VMAT2 Inhibitors.

Niemann N, Jankovic J

Clinical neuropharmacology 2019; (42(2)):37-41 doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000326.

A Bayesian Account of the Sensory-Motor Interactions Underlying Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome.

Rae CL, Critchley HD, Seth AK

Frontiers in psychiatry 2019; (10()):29 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00029.

[Respiratory dyskinesia].

Vorre MM, Lange P

Ugeskrift for laeger 2019; (181(17)).

Overcoming barriers to effective management of tardive dyskinesia.

Caroff SN

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2019; (15()):785-794 doi:10.2147/NDT.S196541.

Long-term safety and efficacy of deutetrabenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

Fernandez HH, Stamler D, Davis MD, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2019; (90(12)):1317-1323 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2018-319918.

Metoclopramide for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.

Shakhatreh M, Jehangir A, Malik Z, Parkman HP

Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2019; (13(8)):711-721 doi:10.1080/17474124.2019.1645594.

Clozapine and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review.

Pardis P, Remington G, Panda R, et al.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2019; (33(10)):1187-1198 doi:10.1177/0269881119862535.

Effect of tardive dyskinesia on quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

McEvoy J, Gandhi SK, Rizio AA, et al.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 2019; (28(12)):3303-3312 doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02269-8.

Role of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Tardive Dyskinesia Management.

Sreeram V, Shagufta S, Kagadkar F

Cureus 2019; (11(8)):e5471 doi:10.7759/cureus.5471.

A Phase 3, 1-Year, Open-Label Trial of Valbenazine in Adults With Tardive Dyskinesia.

Marder SR, Singer C, Lindenmayer JP, et al.

Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 2019; (39(6)):620-627 doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001111.

A Modified Delphi Consensus Study of the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia.

Caroff SN, Citrome L, Meyer J, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2020; (81(2)).

A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia.

Ali Z, Roque A, El-Mallakh RS

Medical hypotheses 2020; (140()):109682 doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109682.

RE-KINECT: A Prospective Study of the Presence and Healthcare Burden of Tardive Dyskinesia in Clinical Practice Settings.

Caroff SN, Yeomans K, Lenderking WR, et al.

Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 2020; (40(3)):259-268 doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001201.

Crushing deutetrabenazine for treatment of tardive dyskinesia in a patient with severe orofacial symptoms: A case report.

Wietholter JP, Sizemore J, Piechowski K

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2020; (77(18)):1477-1481 doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa205.

Expanding phenomenologic heterogeneity of tardive syndromes: Time for an updated assessment tool.

Bhidayasiri R, Kane JM, Frei KP, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2020; (77()):141-145 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.023.

Movement disorders induced by psychiatric drugs that do not block dopamine receptors.

Friedman JH

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2020; (79()):60-64 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.031.

Impaired Clearance From the Brain Increases the Brain Exposure to Metoclopramide in Elderly Subjects.

Bauer M, Bamminger K, Pichler V, et al.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2021; (109(3)):754-761 doi:10.1002/cpt.2052.

Recent Advances in the Pharmacology of Tardive Dyskinesia.

Caroff SN

Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; (18(4)):493-506 doi:10.9758/cpn.2020.18.4.493.

How to Assess Tardive Dyskinesia Symptom Improvement With Measurement-Based Care.

McEvoy JP

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2020; (81(6)).

Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice.

Hauser RA, Meyer JM, Factor SA, et al.

CNS spectrums 2022; (27(2)):208-217 doi:10.1017/S109285292000200X.

Covert Dyskinesia With Aripiprazole: Tip of the Iceberg? A Case Report and Literature Review.

Gomaa H, Mahgoub Y, Francis A

Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 2021; (41(1)):67-70 doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001333.

Assessment of the Impact of Tardive Dyskinesia in Clinical Practice: Consensus Panel Recommendations.

Jackson R, Brams MN, Citrome L, et al.

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2021; (17()):1589-1597 doi:10.2147/NDT.S310605.

Struggling to find Effective Pharmacologic Options for Akathisia? B-CALM!

Thippaiah SM, Fargason RE, Birur B

Psychopharmacology bulletin 2021; (51(3)):72-78 doi:10.64719/pb.4411.

Measurement-based Diagnosis and Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia.

Correll CU, Citrome L

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2021; (82(5)).

The Impact of Antipsychotic Dose Reduction on Clinical Outcomes and Health Care Resource Use Among Medicare Patients with Schizophrenia.

Zichlin ML, Mu F, Leo S, Ayyagari R

Clinical drug investigation 2021; (41(10)):853-863 doi:10.1007/s40261-021-01060-3.

Tardive Dyskinesia in Older Persons Taking Antipsychotics.

Citrome L, Isaacson SH, Larson D, Kremens D

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2021; (17()):3127-3134 doi:10.2147/NDT.S328301.

Metoclopramide induced acute dystonic reaction: A case report.

Sheikh Hassan M, Ahmed Nor M

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2022; (74()):103248 doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103248.

An Experimental Study to Assess the Professional and Social Consequences of Tardive Dyskinesia.

Ayyagari R, Goldschmidt D, Mu F, et al.

Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; (20(1)):154-166 doi:10.9758/cpn.2022.20.1.154.

Valbenazine for the Treatment of Adults with Tardive Dyskinesia.

Gupta H, Moity AR, Jumonville A, et al.

Health psychology research 2021; (9(1)):24929 doi:10.52965/001c.24929.

Long-Term Deutetrabenazine Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia Is Associated With Sustained Benefits and Safety: A 3-Year, Open-Label Extension Study.

Hauser RA, Barkay H, Fernandez HH, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2022; (13()):773999 doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.773999.

Risperidone Abruption-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia in a Six-Year-Old Male Patient With Known Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report.

Alhamoud AH, Yatimi A, Towheri SA, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31492 doi:10.7759/cureus.31492.

Telehealth for Assessing and Managing Tardive Dyskinesia: Expert Insights from a Cross-Disciplinary Virtual Treatment Panel.

El-Mallakh RS, Belnap A, Iyer S, et al.

Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2023; (29(7)):1096-1104 doi:10.1089/tmj.2022.0234.

Oromandibular tics associated with Tourette syndrome.

Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Jankovic J

Journal of neurology 2023; (270(5)):2591-2596 doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11583-8.

Enhancement of adenosine A2A signaling improves dopamine D2 receptor antagonist-induced dyskinesia via β-arrestin signaling.

Nagaoka K, Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, et al.

Frontiers in neuroscience 2022; (16()):1082375 doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1082375.

Impact of possible tardive dyskinesia on physical wellness and social functioning: results from the real-world RE-KINECT study.

Tanner CM, Caroff SN, Cutler AJ, et al.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes 2023; (7(1)):21 doi:10.1186/s41687-023-00551-5.

Impact of Tardive Dyskinesia on Physical, Psychological, Social, and Professional Domains of Patient Lives: A Survey of Patients in the United States.

Jain R, Ayyagari R, Goldschmidt D, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2023; (84(3)).

The Outcome of Antipsychotics-induced Tardive Syndromes: A Ten-year Follow-up Study.

Chou PC, Lee Y, Chang YY, et al.

Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; (21(3)):488-498 doi:10.9758/cpn.22.1000.

Valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Kishi T, Sakuma K, Iwata N

International clinical psychopharmacology 2023; (38(6)):369-374 doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000485.

The Tardive Dyskinesia Impact Scale (TDIS), a novel patient-reported outcome measure in tardive dyskinesia: development and psychometric validation.

Farber RH, Stull DE, Witherspoon B, et al.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes 2024; (8(1)):2 doi:10.1186/s41687-023-00679-4.

An Evidence-Based Update on Anticholinergic Use for Drug-Induced Movement Disorders.

Vanegas-Arroyave N, Caroff SN, Citrome L, et al.

CNS drugs 2024; (38(4)):239-254 doi:10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z.

Sustained Treatment Response and Global Improvements With Long-term Valbenazine in Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia.

Correll CU, Citrome L, Singer C, et al.

Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 2024; (44(4)):353-361 doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001860.

Profiling deutetrabenazine extended-release tablets for tardive dyskinesia and chorea associated with Huntington's disease.

Moondra P, Jimenez-Shahed J

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2024; (24(9)):849-863 doi:10.1080/14737175.2024.2376107.

A Model-Informed Drug Development Approach Supporting the Approval of an Unstudied Valbenazine Dose for Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia.

Nguyen HQ, Kuan HS, Crass RL, et al.

Journal of clinical pharmacology 2024; (64(11)):1456-1465 doi:10.1002/jcph.2498.

A Systematic Review of Oral Vertical Dyskinesia ("Rabbit" Syndrome).

Rissardo JP, Kherajani K, Vora NM, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2024; (60(8)) doi:10.3390/medicina60081347.

Co-Expression of Tardive Dyskinesia and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism in Rats Chronically Treated With Haloperidol.

Kinoshita I, Nishijima H, Nakamura T, et al.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports 2025; (45(1)):e12524 doi:10.1002/npr2.12524.

From assessment to intervention: evidence-based approaches in tardive dyskinesia.

Matthews D

CNS spectrums 2025; (30(1)):e25 doi:10.1017/S1092852925000082.

A validation study of the Clinician's Tardive Inventory (CTI).

Trosch RM, Shillington AC, Comella CL, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2025; (135()):107812 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107812.

Acute exacerbation of major depressive disorder following valbenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: A case report.

Yano F, Oda Y, Hirose Y, et al.

PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2025; (4(3)):e70204 doi:10.1002/pcn5.70204.

Patient and physician perceptions of the burden of tardive dyskinesia: an international survey.

Chepke C, Levin AP, Yang A, et al.

BMJ neurology open 2025; (7(2)):e001170 doi:10.1136/bmjno-2025-001170.

Prolonged Tardive Dyskinesia Induced by Long-Acting Paliperidone Palmitate in Schizophrenia: A Case Report.

Chen YM, Chang S

The American journal of case reports 2026; (27()):e949867 doi:10.12659/AJCR.949867.

Reversible aripiprazole-induced tardive dyskinesia: a case series from Saudi Arabia and literature review.

Alshahrani SM, Althagafi LM, Saeedi JA, et al.

Frontiers in psychiatry 2026; (17()):1749247 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1749247.

Measuring What Matters: Further Validation for the Tardive Dyskinesia Impact Scale, a Novel Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Valbenazine Clinical Trials.

Bron M, Mathias SD, Stull DE, et al.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2026; (87(2)).