Research & Literature

Rapid and Sensitive Salmonella Typhi Detection in Blood and Fecal Samples Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Fan F, Yan M, Du P, et al.

Foodborne pathogens and disease 2015; (12(9)):778-86 doi:10.1089/fpd.2015.1950.

Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of ELISA against Widal test for typhoid diagnosis in endemic population of Kathmandu.

Adhikari A, Rauniyar R, Raut PP, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2015; (15()):523 doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1248-6.

Environmental Transmission of Typhoid Fever in an Urban Slum.

Akullian A, Ng'eno E, Matheson AI, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2015; (9(12)):e0004212 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004212.

Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever.

Azmatullah A, Qamar FN, Thaver D, et al.

Journal of global health 2015; (5(2)):020407 doi:10.7189/jogh.05.020407.

High prevalence of typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars excreting food handlers in Karachi-Pakistan: a probable factor for regional typhoid endemicity.

Siddiqui TR, Bibi S, Mustufa MA, et al.

Journal of health, population, and nutrition 2015; (33()):27 doi:10.1186/s41043-015-0037-6.

Typhoid Fever, Below the Belt.

Raveendran KM, Viswanathan S

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 2016; (10(1)):OD12-3 doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/17498.7128.

A novel ciprofloxacin-resistant subclade of H58 Salmonella Typhi is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure.

Pham Thanh D, Karkey A, Dongol S, et al.

eLife 2016; (5()):e14003.

What proportion of Salmonella Typhi cases are detected by blood culture? A systematic literature review.

Mogasale V, Ramani E, Mogasale VV, Park J

Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials 2016; (15(1)):32 doi:10.1186/s12941-016-0147-z.

The emergence and outbreak of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in China.

Yan M, Li X, Liao Q, et al.

Emerging microbes & infections 2016; (5()):e62 doi:10.1038/emi.2016.62.

Typhoid fever in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Another look at the Widal agglutination test as a preferred option for diagnosis.

Enabulele O, Awunor SN

Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association 2016; (57(3)):145-9 doi:10.4103/0300-1652.184057.

Response of Salmonella Typhi to bile-generated oxidative stress: implication of quorum sensing and persister cell populations.

Walawalkar YD, Vaidya Y, Nayak V

Pathogens and disease 2016; (74(8)).

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and gallbladder cancer: a case-control study and meta-analysis.

Koshiol J, Wozniak A, Cook P, et al.

Cancer medicine 2016; (5(11)):3310-3235 doi:10.1002/cam4.915.

Rhabdomyolysis Complicating Typhoid Fever in A Child and Review of the Literature.

Snelling PJ, Moriarty P, Vaska VL, et al.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2017; (36(9)):915-916 doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001616.

Role of classic signs as diagnostic predictors for enteric fever among returned travellers: Relative bradycardia and eosinopenia.

Matono T, Kutsuna S, Kato Y, et al.

PloS one 2017; (12(6)):e0179814 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179814.

Biofilm Producing Salmonella Typhi: Chronic Colonization and Development of Gallbladder Cancer.

Di Domenico EG, Cavallo I, Pontone M, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2017; (18(9)) doi:10.3390/ijms18091887.

Laboratory-acquired infections of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in South Africa: phenotypic and genotypic analysis of isolates.

Smith AM, Smouse SL, Tau NP, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2017; (17(1)):656 doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2757-2.

The Gathering Storm: Is Untreatable Typhoid Fever on the Way?

Levine MM, Simon R

mBio 2018; (9(2)) doi:10.1128/mBio.00482-18.

Estimating the incidence of enteric fever in children in India: a multi-site, active fever surveillance of pediatric cohorts.

John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, et al.

BMC public health 2018; (18(1)):594 doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5498-2.

Determining the Best Immunization Strategy for Protecting African Children Against Invasive Salmonella Disease.

Jeon HJ, Pak GD, Im J, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2018; (67(12)):1824-1830 doi:10.1093/cid/ciy386.

'Frightening' typhoid fever outbreak spreads in Pakistan.

Cohen J

Science (New York, N.Y.) 2018; (361(6399)):214 doi:10.1126/science.361.6399.214.

Establishment of the first International Standard for human anti-typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG.

Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Logan A, et al.

Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization 2018; (56()):29-38 doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.09.001.

Prevention of enteric fever in travellers with typhoid conjugate vaccines.

Britto C, Jin C, Theiss-Nyland K, Pollard AJ

Journal of travel medicine 2018; (25(1)) doi:10.1093/jtm/tay120.

The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

Park SE, Pham DT, Boinett C, et al.

Nature communications 2018; (9(1)):5094 doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07370-z.

Emergence of Multi-Resistant Enteric Infection In A Paediatric Unit Of Karachi, Pakistan.

Aziz S, Malik L

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2018; (68(12)):1848-1850.

Extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever in Pakistan.

Rasheed MK, Hasan SS, Babar ZU, Ahmed SI

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2019; (19(3)):242-243 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30051-9.

Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in a pregnant traveller returning from Karachi, Pakistan to Denmark, 2019.

Engsbro AL, Riis Jespersen HS, Goldschmidt MI, et al.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 2019; (24(21)) doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.21.1900289.

Domestic River Water Use and Risk of Typhoid Fever: Results From a Case-control Study in Blantyre, Malawi.

Gauld JS, Olgemoeller F, Nkhata R, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020; (70(7)):1278-1284 doi:10.1093/cid/ciz405.

Laboratory characterisation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates from Zimbabwe, 2009-2017.

Mashe T, Gudza-Mugabe M, Tarupiwa A, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2019; (19(1)):487 doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4114-0.

An Unusual Case of Extensively Drug Resistant Typhoid Fever.

Bhatti JM, Memon Y, Sarfaraz S, Salahuddin N

Cureus 2019; (11(5)):e4664 doi:10.7759/cureus.4664.

Typhoidal Salmonella strains in Pakistan: an impending threat of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi.

Hussain A, Satti L, Hanif F, et al.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology 2019; (38(11)):2145-2149 doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03658-0.

Early Economic Evaluation to Identify the Necessary Test Characteristics of a New Typhoid Test to be Cost Effective in Ghana.

Frempong SN, Sutton AJ, Davenport C, Barton P

PharmacoEconomics - open 2020; (4(1)):143-157 doi:10.1007/s41669-019-0159-7.

Siblings with typhoid fever: An investigation of intrafamilial transmission, clonality, and antibiotic susceptibility.

Meyer Sauteur PM, Stevens MJA, Paioni P, et al.

Travel medicine and infectious disease 2020; (34()):101498 doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101498.

Achieving accurate laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever: a review and meta-analysis of TUBEX® TF clinical performance.

Bundalian R, Valenzuela M, Tiongco RE

Pathogens and global health 2019; (113(7)):297-308 doi:10.1080/20477724.2019.1695081.

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Browne AJ, Kashef Hamadani BH, Kumaran EAP, et al.

BMC medicine 2020; (18(1)):1 doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1443-1.

Mild Encephalopathy/Encephalitis with Reversible Splenial Lesion in a Patient with Salmonella typhi Infection: An Unusual Presentation with Excellent Prognosis.

Chopra P, Bhatia RS, Chopra R

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine 2019; (23(12)):584-586 doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23300.

Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020; (71(16)):2027-2034 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa344.

Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges.

Tang YW, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW

Journal of clinical microbiology 2020; (58(6)) doi:10.1128/JCM.00512-20.

Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of serology tests for COVID-19: impact of assay design and post-symptom-onset intervals.

Wang H, Ai J, Loeffelholz MJ, et al.

Emerging microbes & infections 2020; (9(1)):2200-2211 doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1826362.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad.

Umair M, Siddiqui SA

Cureus 2020; (12(9)):e10228 doi:10.7759/cureus.10228.

Gallbladder carriage generates genetic variation and genome degradation in Salmonella Typhi.

Thanh Duy P, Thieu NTV, Nguyen Thi Nguyen T, et al.

PLoS pathogens 2020; (16(10)):e1008998 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008998.

Complications and mortality of typhoid fever: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Marchello CS, Birkhold M, Crump JA

The Journal of infection 2020; (81(6)):902-910 doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.030.

Typhoid Fever in the US Pediatric Population, 1999-2015: Opportunities for Improvement.

McAteer J, Derado G, Hughes M, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021; (73(11)):e4581-e4589 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa914.

Burden of Ileal Perforations Among Surgical Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Three Asian countries: Surveillance of Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), September 2016-September 2019.

Qazi SH, Yousafzai MT, Saddal NS, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020; (71(Suppl 3)):S232-S238 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1309.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Typhoidal Salmonella: Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project, 2016-2019.

Qamar FN, Yousafzai MT, Dehraj IF, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020; (71(Suppl 3)):S276-S284 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1323.

A case of spastic quadriparesis secondary to enteric fever.

Bhatta A, Kumar P

Tropical doctor 2021; (51(3)):440-441 doi:10.1177/0049475521997595.

Increasingly limited options for the treatment of enteric fever in travellers returning to England, 2014-2019: a cross-sectional analytical study.

Herdman MT, Karo B, Dave J, et al.

Journal of medical microbiology 2021; (70(8)) doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001359.

Phylogenomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C in England, 2016-2019.

Chattaway MA, Gentle A, Nair S, et al.

Microbial genomics 2021; (7(8)) doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000633.

A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of the Performance of the Widal Test and the Typhidot Immunoassay for Typhoid Fever Diagnosis in the West Region of Cameroon.

Ousenu K, Ali IM, Sama LF, et al.

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale 2021; (2021()):8279122 doi:10.1155/2021/8279122.

Five Years of GenoTyphi: Updates to the Global Salmonella Typhi Genotyping Framework.

Dyson ZA, Holt KE

The Journal of infectious diseases 2021; (224(12 Suppl 2)):S775-S780 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab414.

Effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine against culture-confirmed typhoid in a peri-urban setting in Karachi: A case-control study.

Batool R, Tahir Yousafzai M, Qureshi S, et al.

Vaccine 2021; (39(40)):5858-5865 doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.051.

A review of clinical profile, complications and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi isolates in children in Karachi.

Shahid S, Mahesar M, Ghouri N, Noreen S

BMC infectious diseases 2021; (21(1)):900 doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06599-2.

Multiple introductions of multidrug-resistant typhoid associated with acute infection and asymptomatic carriage, Kenya.

Kariuki S, Dyson ZA, Mbae C, et al.

eLife 2021; (10()).

Early and Rapid Detection of Typhoid Fever by Nested PCR in Blood.

Khanam J, Paul SK, Kobayashi N, et al.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2021; (30(4)):986-990.

Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal: final results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial.

Shakya M, Voysey M, Theiss-Nyland K, et al.

The Lancet. Global health 2021; (9(11)):e1561-e1568 doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00346-6.

Traditional Widal Agglutination Test Versus Rapid Immunochromatographic Test in the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever: A Prospective Study From South India.

Shahapur PR, Shahapur R, Nimbal A, et al.

Cureus 2021; (13(10)):e18474 doi:10.7759/cureus.18474.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From a Referral Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Khadka S, Shrestha B, Pokhrel A, et al.

Microbiology insights 2021; (14()):11786361211056350 doi:10.1177/11786361211056350.

Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever in the United States.

Hughes MJ, Birhane MG, Dorough L, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2021; (8(12)):ofab572 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab572.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sensitivity of antibody tests for the laboratory confirmation of COVID-19.

Makoah NA, Tipih T, Litabe MM, et al.

Future virology 2021; doi:10.2217/fvl-2021-0211.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility level of typhoid fever in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Teferi MY, El-Khatib Z, Alemayehu EA, et al.

Preventive medicine reports 2022; (25()):101670 doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101670.

Ileal Perforation and Enteric Fever: Implications for Burden of Disease Estimation.

Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Thomas M, Kapil A, et al.

The Journal of infectious diseases 2021; (224(Supple 5)):S522-S528 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab258.

Case-Fatality Ratio of Enteric Fever: Estimates From Multitiered Surveillance in India.

Samuel P, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Kumar D, et al.

The Journal of infectious diseases 2021; (224(Supple 5)):S517-S521 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab388.

Incidence of Enteric Fever in a Pediatric Cohort in North India: Comparison with Estimates from 20 Years Earlier.

Sinha B, Rongsen-Chandola T, Goyal N, et al.

The Journal of infectious diseases 2021; (224(Supple 5)):S558-S567 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab046.

Typhoid fever presenting with gastric ulcer bleeding.

Jeon HJ, Lee JS, Lee BS, et al.

BMC gastroenterology 2022; (22(1)):116 doi:10.1186/s12876-022-02192-2.

Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi in Papua New Guinea reveals an established population of genotype 2.1.7 sensitive to antimicrobials.

Dyson ZA, Malau E, Horwood PF, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2022; (16(3)):e0010306 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010306.

Etiological spectrum of persistent fever in the tropics and predictors of ubiquitous infections: a prospective four-country study with pooled analysis.

Bottieau E, Van Duffel L, El Safi S, et al.

BMC medicine 2022; (20(1)):144 doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02347-8.

Macrophage Cell Lines and Murine Infection by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi L-Form Bacteria.

Ganguli D, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, et al.

Infection and immunity 2022; (90(6)):e0011922 doi:10.1128/iai.00119-22.

Safety and immunogenicity of a typhoid conjugate vaccine among children aged 9 months to 12 years in Malawi: a nested substudy of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Nampota-Nkomba N, Nyirenda OM, Khonde L, et al.

The Lancet. Global health 2022; (10(9)):e1326-e1335 doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00275-3.

Typhoid fever control in the 21st century: where are we now?

Carey ME, McCann NS, Gibani MM

Current opinion in infectious diseases 2022; (35(5)):424-430 doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000879.

Comparison of rapid tests (antigen vs. antibody) for the diagnosis of typhoid in the first and second weeks of fever.

Saini V, Duggal N

Journal of family medicine and primary care 2022; (11(7)):3730-3734 doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2329_21.

Reporting of Azithromycin Activity against Clinical Isolates of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.

Jabeen K, Saleem S, Nizamuddin S, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2023; (108(5)):942-947 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.22-0557.

Chronic Salmonella Typhi carriage at sites other than the gallbladder.

Hoffman SA, Sikorski MJ, Levine MM

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023; (17(3)):e0011168 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011168.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi uses two type 3 secretion systems to replicate in human macrophages and to colonize humanized mice.

Hamblin M, Schade R, Narasimhan R, Monack DM

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023; doi:10.1101/2023.06.06.543980.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi uses two type 3 secretion systems to replicate in human macrophages and colonize humanized mice.

Hamblin M, Schade R, Narasimhan R, Monack DM

mBio 2023; (14(4)):e0113723 doi:10.1128/mbio.01137-23.

Fatal Complications of Extensive Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever: A Case Report.

Khalaf YJ, Alagha R

Cureus 2023; (15(6)):e40672 doi:10.7759/cureus.40672.

Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kim C, Goucher GR, Tadesse BT, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2023; (23(1)):562 doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08452-0.

Epidemiology of COVID-19 and the Utility of Cycle Threshold (Ct) Values in Predicting the Severity of Disease.

George A, Murugan T, Sampath S, N S M

Cureus 2023; (15(8)):e43679 doi:10.7759/cureus.43679.

Case of Carbapenem-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Infection, Pakistan, 2022.

Nizamuddin S, Khan EA, Chattaway MA, Godbole G

Emerging infectious diseases 2023; (29(11)):2395-2397 doi:10.3201/eid2911.230499.

Detection of Salmonella typhi Isolates and Ceftriaxone Strains Harbouring CTX-M-15 Gene.

Sohail R, Taj Y, Satti L, et al.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2024; (34(1)):32-36 doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2024.01.32.

Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella typhi Strains Isolated From Patients in Pakistan: A Hospital Database Study.

Yousaf M, Sikandar I, Waqas Z, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(4)):e58240 doi:10.7759/cureus.58240.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of enteric fever: A case report.

Abay Z, Bhat N, Tadesse A

SAGE open medical case reports 2024; (12()):2050313X241255506 doi:10.1177/2050313X241255506.

Neglected etiologies of prolonged febrile illnesses in tropical and subtropical regions: A systematic review.

Musumeci S, Kruse A, Chappuis F, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2024; (18(6)):e0011978 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011978.

Fecal Shedding, Antimicrobial Resistance and In Vitro Biofilm formation on Simulated Gallstones by Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Cases and Asymptomatic Carriers in Nairobi, Kenya.

Muturi P, Wachira P, Wagacha M, et al.

International journal of clinical microbiology 2024; (1(2)):23-36 doi:10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5030.

Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

Kavai SM, Oyugi J, Mbae C, et al.

International journal of clinical microbiology 2024; (1(3)):18-27 doi:10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-24-5195.

Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 biofilm formation and genetic variation in isolates from typhoid fever patients with gallstones in an endemic setting in Kenya.

Muturi P, Wachira P, Wagacha M, et al.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2024; (14()):1468866 doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1468866.

Household and Environmental Typhoid Fever Transmission in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study.

Yushananta P, Putri MFE

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association 2024; (62(277)):564-569 doi:10.31729/jnma.8744.

The rose spots of typhoid fever: The story behind the eponym.

Hoenig LJ, Wollina U, Magro CM, Parish LC

Clinics in dermatology 2025; (43(6)):893-896 doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.08.004.

False positive results in the Widal test in adults immunized with the Commirnaty (Pfizer-BioNtech) and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccines against COVID-19.

Moya-Salazar J, Ciprian LY, Rojas-Zumaran V, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2025; (12()):1592019 doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1592019.

Temporal dynamics of macrophage activation during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection: An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.

Yang F, Liu Y, Zhang Y, et al.

Virulence 2025; (16(1)):2561828 doi:10.1080/21505594.2025.2561828.

Un-Matched 1:1 Retrospective Case-Control Study of the Transmission of Typhoid Fever in Neno District, Malawi.

Talabuku P, Mwalwanda A, Chavura E, et al.

Public health challenges 2025; (4(4)):e70136 doi:10.1002/puh2.70136.

Malaria and typhoidal co-infection among febrile patients: a health facility-based cross-sectional study in Northern Ghana.

Dassah SD, Anati MI, Kulariba J, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2025; (25(1)):1499 doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11929-9.

Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of Typhoid Fever: A Retrospective Study.

Shafqat Z, Kanwal S, Yousaf A, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(10)):e94621 doi:10.7759/cureus.94621.

A mouse model for studying chronic Salmonella Typhi infection and anti-biofilm interventions.

Cole AL, Woolard KJ, Sorge A, et al.

mBio 2026; (17(2)):e0347625 doi:10.1128/mbio.03476-25.