Research & Literature

Diagnostic criteria in 72 women with erosive vulvovaginal lichen planus.

Cheng H, Oakley A, Rowan D, Lamont D

The Australasian journal of dermatology 2016; (57(4)):284-287 doi:10.1111/ajd.12355.

Vulvovaginal photodynamic therapy vs. topical corticosteroids in genital erosive lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial.

Helgesen AL, Warloe T, Pripp AH, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2015; (173(5)):1156-62 doi:10.1111/bjd.14033.

Management of Vaginal Cancer.

Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P

Reviews on recent clinical trials 2015; (10(4)):289-97 doi:10.2174/1574887110666150923112958.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Histopathological Upgrading of Lesions and Evidence of Occult Vaginal Cancer.

Sopracordevole F, De Piero G, Clemente N, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2016; (20(1)):70-4 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000150.

Abnormal Pap Smear and Diagnosis of High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Sopracordevole F, Mancioli F, Clemente N, et al.

Medicine 2015; (94(42)):e1827 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001827.

A retrospective study of 152 women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Zhang J, Chang X, Qi Y, et al.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2016; (133(1)):80-3.

High-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and risk of progression to vaginal cancer: a multicentre study of the Italian Society of Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV).

Sopracordevole F, Barbero M, Clemente N, et al.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2016; (20(5)):818-24.

Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.

Kirtschig G

Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2016; (113(19)):337-43.

[Vaginal Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in patient with previous urinary tract carcinoma. Case Report].

Zaya AM, González AC, Sandrone SS, Sambuelli RH

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) 2016; (73(2)):126-31.

Assessment of CK17 as a Marker for the Diagnosis of Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Podoll MB, Singh N, Gilks CB, et al.

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 2017; (36(3)):273-280 doi:10.1097/PGP.0000000000000317.

[Nomenclature of squamous cell precursor lesions of the lower female genital tract : Current aspects].

Horn LC, Brambs CE, Handzel R, et al.

Der Pathologe 2016; (37(6)):526-533 doi:10.1007/s00292-016-0239-8.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and HPV 31 predict the risk of recurrence in high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Bogani G, Martinelli F, Ditto A, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2017; (210()):157-165 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.12.020.

Comorbid Vulvar Lichen Planus and Lichen Sclerosus.

Day T, Moore S, Bohl TG, Scurry J

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2017; (21(3)):204-208 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000307.

Laser Excisional Treatment for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Exclude Invasion: What Is the Risk of Complications?

Sopracordevole F, Moriconi L, Di Giuseppe J, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2017; (21(4)):311-314 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000326.

Efficacy of 5% imiquimod for the treatment of Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia-A systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis.

Tranoulis A, Laios A, Mitsopoulos V, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2017; (218()):129-136 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.020.

Clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence among patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a comprehensive analysis of 576 cases.

Kim MK, Lee IH, Lee KH

Journal of gynecologic oncology 2018; (29(1)):e6 doi:10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e6.

Vaginal lichen sclerosus: report of two cases.

Xavier J, Vieira-Baptista P, Moreira A, et al.

Facts, views & vision in ObGyn 2017; (9(3)):171-173.

LASER treatment for women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A propensity-matched analysis on the efficacy of ablative versus excisional procedures.

Bogani G, Ditto A, Martinelli F, et al.

Lasers in surgery and medicine 2018; (50(9)):933-939 doi:10.1002/lsm.22941.

The importance of topical steroids after adhesiolysis in erosive lichen planus and graft versus host disease.

Rajkumar S, Lewis F, Nath R

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2019; (39(1)):82-85 doi:10.1080/01443615.2018.1463207.

Human papillomavirus and p16 in squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vagina.

Bertoli HK, Rasmussen CL, Sand FL, et al.

International journal of cancer 2019; (145(1)):78-86 doi:10.1002/ijc.32078.

Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Squamous Neoplasia of the Lower Anogenital Tract.

Yang EJ

Surgical pathology clinics 2019; (12(2)):263-279 doi:10.1016/j.path.2019.02.001.

Vaginal Carcinoma with Third-Degree Uterine Prolapse.

Sheikh NK, Date SS, Darekar YS

International journal of applied & basic medical research 2019; (9(4)):246-247 doi:10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_211_18.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Retrospective Study of Treatment and Outcomes Among a Cohort of UK Women.

Field A, Bhagat N, Clark S, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2020; (24(1)):43-47 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000502.

Accuracy of colposcopic findings in detecting vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective study.

Stuebs FA, Koch MC, Mehlhorn G, et al.

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2020; (301(3)):769-777 doi:10.1007/s00404-020-05441-5.

Clinicopathologic Diagnostic Criteria for Vulvar Lichen Planus.

Day T, Wilkinson E, Rowan D, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2020; (24(3)):317-329 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000532.

Management options for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Rountis A, Pergialiotis V, Tsetsa P, et al.

International journal of clinical practice 2020; (74(11)):e13598 doi:10.1111/ijcp.13598.

Application of 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy Terminology on the Detection of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Zhou Q, Zhang F, Sui L, et al.

Cancer management and research 2020; (12()):5987-5995 doi:10.2147/CMAR.S257875.

Diagnosis and Management of Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus.

Jacques L, Kornik R, Bennett DD, Eschenbach DA

Obstetrical & gynecological survey 2020; (75(10)):624-635 doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000834.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and treatment of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A single-institution study.

Cho HW, Hong JH, Lee JK

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2021; (154(2)):227-232 doi:10.1002/ijgo.13583.

Treatment Options in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Scoping Review.

Singh N, Mishra N, Ghatage P

Cureus 2021; (13(2)):e13527 doi:10.7759/cureus.13527.

Erosive Lichen Sclerosus-A Clinicopathologic Subtype.

Day T, Otton G, Dennerstein G, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2021; (25(3)):255-260 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000607.

HPV Genotyping by Molecular Mapping of Tissue Samples in Vaginal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN) and Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (VaSCC).

Zhang S, Saito M, Okayama K, et al.

Cancers 2021; (13(13)) doi:10.3390/cancers13133260.

Screening History in Vaginal Precancer and Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 2131 Cases in China.

Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang H, et al.

Cancer management and research 2021; (13()):8855-8863 doi:10.2147/CMAR.S335701.

Risk Factor and Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia After Hysterectomy for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Kim JH, Kim J, Kim K, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2022; (26(2)):147-151 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000664.

Risk of Development of Vulvar Cancer in Women With Lichen Sclerosus or Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review.

Vieira-Baptista P, Pérez-López FR, López-Baena MT, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2022; (26(3)):250-257 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000673.

Porokeratosis of gluteal region: A case report.

Shrestha S, Aryal R, Homagain S, et al.

SAGE open medical case reports 2022; (10()):2050313X221139559 doi:10.1177/2050313X221139559.

High-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and recurrence risk: analysis of an Italian regional referral center series.

Monti E, Libutti G, Di Loreto E, et al.

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2023; (308(1)):201-206 doi:10.1007/s00404-022-06886-6.

Which Risk Factors and Colposcopic Patterns Are Predictive for High-Grade VAIN? A Retrospective Analysis.

Iacobone AD, Radice D, Guerrieri ME, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (13(2)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics13020176.

Outcomes After Lysis of Adhesions and Dilator Placement for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Agglutination Due to Lichen Planus.

Russell CB, Welch KC, Saunders NA, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2023; (27(2)):152-155 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000724.

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, et al.

International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 2023; (33(4)):446-461 doi:10.1136/ijgc-2022-004213.

Non-Excisional therapeutic modalities in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Freitas G, Costa A

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2023; (284()):175-179 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.014.

Imiquimod for Cervical and Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Inayama Y, Takamatsu S, Hamanishi J, et al.

Obstetrics and gynecology 2023; (142(2)):307-318 doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005256.

Correlation Between Colposcopic Patterns and Histological Grade of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Monti E, Matozzo CMM, Cetera GE, et al.

Anticancer research 2023; (43(10)):4637-4642 doi:10.21873/anticanres.16658.

Strangulated bowel obstruction caused by vaginal perforation due to vaginal cancer in a patient with chronic uterine prolapse.

Fukai S, Maeda S, Chikazawa K, Rikiyama T

BMJ case reports 2023; (16(12)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-255815.

Clinical Characteristics and Detection Sensitivity of Cervical Cancer Screening in Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Chen Y, Chen Q, Xue H, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2024; (28(2)):137-142 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000793.

Dermatoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus in children: A retrospective study.

Han Y, Liu R, Li Y

Pediatric dermatology 2024; (41(6)):1091-1095 doi:10.1111/pde.15743.

Human Papillomavirus Genotype Attribution and Integration in High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Shen Y, Tang S, Zhou Y, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2025; (29(1)):60-67 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000850.

Randomised trial on treatment of vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Self-administered vaginal imiquimod and laser vaporisation.

Kiviharju M, Riska A, Kalliala I, et al.

International journal of cancer 2025; (157(7)):1458-1464 doi:10.1002/ijc.35497.

High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Clinical Profile, HPV Vaccination Status, and Treatment Outcomes at Two Italian Referral Centers.

Gallio N, Preti M, Boldorini R, et al.

Vaccines 2025; (13(11)) doi:10.3390/vaccines13111089.

Differential Clinical Signatures of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus, Lichen Planus, and Chronic Lichen Simplex: A Comparative Study in 1355 Patients.

Hu Q, Sun K, Liu L, et al.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2026; (19()):570982 doi:10.2147/CCID.S570982.

The Progression of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Indraccolo U, Favilli A

Journal of women's health (2002) 2026; (35(8)):781-789 doi:10.1177/15409996261438757.

Comparative Efficacy of Treatment Methods and Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ługowski F, Papież M, Suchońska B

Cancers 2026; (18(8)) doi:10.3390/cancers18081302.

Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With VaIN and Vaginal Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Guo C, Yan Z, Li J, et al.

Journal of lower genital tract disease 2026; (30(4)):305-311 doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000969.

Multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of primary vaginal malignant melanoma: A case report.

Qin HC, Wang MY, Ye DQ, Zhu J

Medicine 2026; (105(27)):e49636 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000049636.

Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus Treatment Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Novel and Established Therapies.

Lee AD, Slade A, Hong J, et al.

Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery 2026; 12034754261458384 doi:10.1177/12034754261458384.