Research & Literature

Thiamin in Clinical Practice.

Frank LL

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition 2015; (39(5)):503-20 doi:10.1177/0148607114565245.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome not related to alcohol use: a systematic review.

Scalzo SJ, Bowden SC, Ambrose ML, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2015; (86(12)):1362-8 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-309598.

Procedural Learning and Memory Rehabilitation in Korsakoff's Syndrome - a Review of the Literature.

Oudman E, Nijboer TC, Postma A, et al.

Neuropsychology review 2015; (25(2)):134-48 doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9288-7.

A Therapeutic Fast for Lymphoma Resulting in Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Brazg J, Ruest A, Law S, Bosoy D

The Journal of emergency medicine 2015; (49(4)):471-4.

Dry beriberi preceded Wernicke's encephalopathy: Thiamine deficiency after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Samanta D

Journal of pediatric neurosciences 2015; (10(3)):297-9 doi:10.4103/1817-1745.165732.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy: Increasing Clinician Awareness of This Serious, Enigmatic, Yet Treatable Disease.

Flynn A, Macaluso M, D'Empaire I, Troutman MM

The primary care companion for CNS disorders 2015; (17(3)) doi:10.4088/PCC.14r01738.

Artery of Percheron Infarction as an Unusual Cause of Korsakoff's Syndrome.

Zhou Y, Fox D, Anand A, et al.

Case reports in neurological medicine 2015; (2015()):927809 doi:10.1155/2015/927809.

Encephalopathy after persistent vomiting: Three cases of non-alcohol-related Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Antel K, Singh N, Chisholm B, Heckmann JM

South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 2015; (105(6)):442-3 doi:10.7196/samj.9299.

Nonalcoholic Thiamine-Related Encephalopathy (Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome) Among Inpatients With Cancer: A Series of 18 Cases.

Isenberg-Grzeda E, Alici Y, Hatzoglou V, et al.

Psychosomatics 2016; (57(1)):71-81.

Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Wernicke Encephalopathy: Report of 2 Cases.

Infante MT, Fancellu R, Murialdo A, et al.

Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2016; (31(2)):186-90 doi:10.1177/0884533615621753.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in patients with cancer: a systematic review.

Isenberg-Grzeda E, Rahane S, DeRosa AP, et al.

The Lancet. Oncology 2016; (17(4)):e142-e148 doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00037-1.

Severe Infections are Common in Thiamine Deficiency and May be Related to Cognitive Outcomes: A Cohort Study of 68 Patients With Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Wijnia JW, Oudman E, van Gool WA, et al.

Psychosomatics 2016; (57(6)):624-633 doi:10.1016/j.psym.2016.06.004.

Self-awareness of cognitive dysfunction: Self-reported complaints and cognitive performance in patients with alcohol-induced mild or major neurocognitive disorder.

Walvoort SJ, van der Heijden PT, Wester AJ, et al.

Psychiatry research 2016; (245()):291-296 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.007.

[Wernicke encephalopathy: Guiding thiamine prescription].

Boulanger AS, Paquette I, Létourneau G, Richard-Devantoy S

L'Encephale 2017; (43(3)):259-267 doi:10.1016/j.encep.2016.04.011.

[Thiamine (vitamin B1) treatment in patients with alcohol dependence].

Dervaux A, Laqueille X

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2017; (46(2 Pt 1)):165-171 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2016.07.025.

Source Memory in Korsakoff Syndrome: Disentangling the Mechanisms of Temporal Confusion.

Brion M, de Timary P, Pitel AL, Maurage P

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 2017; (41(3)):596-607 doi:10.1111/acer.13318.

Thiamine deficiency induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Wang X, Xu M, Frank JA, et al.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2017; (320()):26-31 doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.009.

[Thiamine in patients with alcohol use disorder and Wernicke's encephalopathy].

Brinkman DJ, Bekema JK, Kuijenhoven MA, et al.

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 2017; (161()):D931.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain involvement in alcoholic and nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Sparacia G, Anastasi A, Speciale C, et al.

World journal of radiology 2017; (9(2)):72-78 doi:10.4329/wjr.v9.i2.72.

Long-Term Mortality of Patients with an Alcohol-Related Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Sanvisens A, Zuluaga P, Fuster D, et al.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 2017; (52(4)):466-471 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agx013.

Differences Between Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Patients With Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Chamorro AJ, Rosón-Hernández B, Medina-García JA, et al.

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2017; (92(6)):899-907 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.019.

Nonalcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India.

Shah IA, Asimi RP, Kawoos Y, et al.

Journal of neurosciences in rural practice 2017; (8(3)):401-406 doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_14_17.

Wernicke’s encephalopathy associated with liver abscess.

Verma R, Garg V

BMJ case reports 2017; (2017()) doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219905.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in People With Korsakoff Syndrome and Other Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders Living in Specialized Long-Term Care Facilities: Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Caregiver Distress.

Gerridzen IJ, Hertogh CMPM, Depla MF, et al.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2018; (19(3)):240-247 doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.09.013.

Impairment of Thiamine Transport at the GUT-BBB-AXIS Contributes to Wernicke's Encephalopathy.

Muneer PMA, Alikunju S, Schuetz H, et al.

Molecular neurobiology 2018; (55(7)):5937-5950 doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0811-0.

Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review.

Arts NJ, Walvoort SJ, Kessels RP

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2017; (13()):2875-2890 doi:10.2147/NDT.S130078.

Is physical rehabilitation effective for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? A case report.

Genç A, Özdemir EC, Moustafa E, Küçükdeveci AA

International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation 2018; (41(4)):373-376 doi:10.1097/MRR.0000000000000303.

Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis.

Chandrakumar A, Bhardwaj A, 't Jong GW

Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology 2018; (30(2)):153-162.

Non-alcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy: great masquerader.

Okafor C, Nimmagadda M, Soin S, Lanka L

BMJ case reports 2018; (11(1)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227731.

Awareness and its relationships with neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with Korsakoff syndrome or other alcohol-related cognitive disorders living in specialized nursing homes.

Gerridzen IJ, Joling KJ, Depla MF, et al.

International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2019; (34(6)):836-845 doi:10.1002/gps.5093.

Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review.

Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Oey M, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2019; (236()):84-93 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.006.

Neurological, Psychiatric, and Biochemical Aspects of Thiamine Deficiency in Children and Adults.

Dhir S, Tarasenko M, Napoli E, Giulivi C

Frontiers in psychiatry 2019; (10()):207 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00207.

Wernicke Encephalopathy-Clinical Pearls.

Sinha S, Kataria A, Kolla BP, et al.

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2019; (94(6)):1065-1072 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.02.018.

A patient with Korsakoff syndrome of psychiatric and alcoholic etiology presenting as DSM-5 mild neurocognitive disorder.

Nikolakaros G, Kurki T, Myllymäki A, Ilonen T

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2019; (15()):1311-1320 doi:10.2147/NDT.S203513.

Association between malignancy and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a case report and literature review.

Choi EY, Gomes WA, Haigentz M, Graber JJ

Neuro-oncology practice 2016; (3(3)):196-207 doi:10.1093/nop/npv036.

Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery.

Wilson RB

Nutrition reviews 2020; (78(12)):1015-1029 doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa004.

Caregivers' perspectives on good care for nursing home residents with Korsakoff syndrome.

Gerridzen IJ, Hertogh CM, Joling KJ, et al.

Nursing ethics 2021; (28(3)):358-371 doi:10.1177/0969733020921507.

Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Isen DR, Kline LB

Eye and brain 2020; (12()):49-60 doi:10.2147/EB.S234078.

Resolved External Ophthalmoplegia and Hearing Loss in Wernicke's Encephalopathy With Thiamine Replacement.

Nyce MQ, Chisholm JS, Szmanda JA, et al.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society 2021; (41(4)):e655-e660 doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000001057.

Wernicke Encephalopathy in schizophrenia: a systematic review.

Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Oey MJ, et al.

International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice 2021; (25(3)):233-237 doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1819333.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy Associated With Transient Gestational Hyperthyroidism and Hyperemesis Gravidarum.

Ahmed S, Ahmed D, Abo Salah S, et al.

Cureus 2020; (12(8)):e10012 doi:10.7759/cureus.10012.

Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery.

Fedeli P, Justin Davies R, Cirocchi R, et al.

Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 2020; (15(1)):709-713 doi:10.1515/med-2020-0210.

Wernicke's encephalopathy - from basic science to clinical practice. Part 1: Understanding the role of thiamine.

Ott M, Werneke U

Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology 2020; (10()):2045125320978106 doi:10.1177/2045125320978106.

Temporal Cognitive and Brain Changes in Korsakoff Syndrome.

Maillard A, Laniepce A, Cabé N, et al.

Neurology 2021; (96(15)):e1987-e1998 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011749.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Pagaling GT, Espiritu AI, Leochico CFD, et al.

The Neurohospitalist 2021; (11(2)):141-147 doi:10.1177/1941874420953027.

Case Report: Intensive Inpatient Neurorehabilitation Achieves Sustained Real-World Benefits in Severe Alcohol-Related Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: A Case Study With 7-Years Follow-Up.

Schrader M, Bamborschke S, Lenk U, Sterr A

Frontiers in psychology 2021; (12()):693920 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693920.

Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Korsakoff Syndrome Patients: Updated Perspectives.

Westermeyer JJ, Soukup B, Mayer J, Lee K

The Journal of nervous and mental disease 2021; (209(8)):592-599 doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001351.

Korsakoff syndrome: An overlook (Review).

Popa I, Rădulescu I, Drăgoi AM, et al.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2021; (22(4)):1132 doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10566.

Thiamine Dosing for the Treatment of Alcohol-Induced Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A Review of the Literature.

Smith H, McCoy M, Varughese K, Reinert JP

The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians 2021; (37(2)):107-113 doi:10.1177/8755122520962859.

[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and other diseases associated with thyamine deficiency].

Mateos-Díaz AM, Marcos M, Chamorro AJ

Medicina clinica 2022; (158(9)):431-436 doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2021.11.015.

Wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum: A clinical challenge.

Mehreen T, Kiani SS

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2022; (72(3)):550-553 doi:10.47391/JPMA.0814.

Gaze-evoked nystagmus in Wernicke encephalopathy.

Shirota S, Nishioka H

Clinical case reports 2022; (10(3)):e05615 doi:10.1002/ccr3.5615.

What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Dingwall KM, Delima JF, Binks P, et al.

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 2022; (46(6)):1133-1147 doi:10.1111/acer.14843.

Identification of Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Patient Presenting With Altered Mental Status and Dehydration.

Hernandez L, Brockman T, Mehta T

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin 2022; (121(1)):E10-E14.

What is the Korsakoff syndrome? - a paper in tribute to Prof Alwyn Lishman.

Kopelman MD

Cognitive neuropsychiatry 2022; (27(4)):296-313 doi:10.1080/13546805.2022.2067472.

B1 Vitamin Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery, Prevalence, and Symptoms: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Bahardoust M, Eghbali F, Shahmiri SS, et al.

Obesity surgery 2022; (32(9)):3104-3112 doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06178-7.

A Clinician's View of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Wijnia JW

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(22)) doi:10.3390/jcm11226755.

Fetal demise and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum: a case report.

Olmsted A, DeSimone A, Lopez-Pastrana J, Becker M

Journal of medical case reports 2023; (17(1)):32 doi:10.1186/s13256-022-03748-2.

Can thiamine substitution restore cognitive function in alcohol use disorder?

Listabarth S, Vyssoki B, Marculescu R, et al.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 2023; (58(3)):315-323 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agad017.

"Bariatric Beriberi": A Rare Case of Wernicke Encephalopathy Two Weeks After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Bathobakae L, Ozgur SS, Lombardo D, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(4)):e37056 doi:10.7759/cureus.37056.

Wernicke encephalopathy revealed by areflexic flaccid tetraparesis associated with gravidarum hyperemesis.

Ben Chaib R, Mekkaoui I, Chetouani Z, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2023; (85(5)):2127-2129 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000000579.

When time is brain: a systematic review about Wernicke encephalopathy as a dramatic consequence of thiamin deficiency in hyperemesis gravidarum.

Fiorentini M, Nedu B, Dapoto F, et al.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2023; (36(2)):2223678 doi:10.1080/14767058.2023.2223678.

Observations on the Clinical Features of the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Kopelman MD

Journal of clinical medicine 2023; (12(19)) doi:10.3390/jcm12196310.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Severs D, et al.

Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation 2024; (34(2)):105-114 doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2023.10.003.

Impaired Executive Functioning Associated with Alcohol-Related Neurocognitive Disorder including Korsakoff's Syndrome.

Janssen GTL, Egger JIM, Kessels RPC

Journal of clinical medicine 2023; (12(20)) doi:10.3390/jcm12206477.

Wernicke encephalopathy: limitations in a laboratory and radiological diagnosis.

Ono K, Hayano S, Kashima M

BMJ case reports 2023; (16(12)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-254786.

Case report: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome after bariatric surgery.

Bento MA, Vieira JB, Silva ML, Camolas J

Frontiers in nutrition 2023; (10()):1321275 doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1321275.

Atypical Wernicke's encephalopathy without mental status changes following bariatric surgery in an adolescent patient.

Akbar A, Lowther J, Creeden S, Frese W

BMJ case reports 2024; (17(1)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-255507.

Diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy: A systematic literature review.

Cantu-Weinstein A, Branning R, Alamir M, et al.

General hospital psychiatry 2024; (87()):48-59 doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.01.005.

Silent Echoes: A Case Report of Wernicke Encephalopathy's Unheard Voice.

Gafoor S, Robertson R

Cureus 2024; (16(1)):e52151 doi:10.7759/cureus.52151.

The Effects of Intensive Rehabilitation Combined with Thiamine Treatment on Cognitive Recovery in a Case of Non-Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Palmirotta C, Turi G, Tagliente S, et al.

Neurology international 2024; (16(1)):263-273 doi:10.3390/neurolint16010018.

Rehabilitation Strategies for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Physiotherapy Interventions and Management Approaches.

Burile GC, Arya N, Seth NH, Fating T

Cureus 2024; (16(2)):e53948 doi:10.7759/cureus.53948.

Use of Thiamine Supplementation in Pregnant Women Diagnosed With Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Clark AF

Nursing for women's health 2024; (28(3)):222-226 doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2024.02.003.

[Analysis of factors leading to brain MRI lesions in Wernicke's encephalopathy].

Kuzume D, Morimoto Y, Tsutsumi S, et al.

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 2024; (64(5)):361-363 doi:10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001919.

Wernicke encephalopathy induced by glucose infusion: A case report and literature review.

Tao X, Qiao R, Liu C, et al.

Heliyon 2024; (10(8)):e29419 doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29419.

Typical and atypical MRI abnormalities in Wernicke's encephalopathy: Correlation with blood vitamin B1 levels.

Hiraga A, Kojima K, Kuwabara S

Journal of the neurological sciences 2024; (461()):123045 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2024.123045.

Wernicke Encephalopathy: Typical and Atypical Findings in Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics and Correlation with Clinical Symptoms.

Arendt CT, Uckermark C, Kovacheva L, et al.

Clinical neuroradiology 2024; (34(4)):881-897 doi:10.1007/s00062-024-01434-y.

A Case of Prolonged Wernicke's Encephalopathy After Treatment With IV Thiamine Due to the Subsequent Development of Refeeding Syndrome.

Namboodiri S, Rao S

Cureus 2024; (16(7)):e65178 doi:10.7759/cureus.65178.

Non-alcoholic Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Young Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Ziogou A, Lymperis A, Skouteris N, et al.

Reviews on recent clinical trials 2025; (20(2)):180-183 doi:10.2174/0115748871320420241016060051.

Wernicke encephalopathy with active hallucinations during lung cancer treatment and hemodialysis: A case report.

Hirata M, Ishida M, Onishi H

Palliative & supportive care 2025; (23()):e22 doi:10.1017/S1478951524001974.

Wernicke encephalopathy: a mini review of the clinical spectrum, atypical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges.

Li S, Xing C

Frontiers in neurology 2025; (16()):1566366 doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1566366.

Wernicke's encephalopathy due to total parenteral nutrition after jejunotomy: a case report.

Zhu Z, He B, Jiang X, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2025; (87(7)):4585-4590 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000003386.

Rethinking Thiamine in the Emergency Department: Why a Hi-Phy-Vi-Based "Suspect and Treat" Approach Matters in an Aging Society.

Sakamoto S

Cureus 2026; (18(2)):e103003 doi:10.7759/cureus.103003.

Psychiatric-Predominant Wernicke Encephalopathy With Normal Blood Thiamine Levels: A Case Report.

Inada S, Mori Y, Kumashiro S, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(3)):e105343 doi:10.7759/cureus.105343.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy Following Semaglutide Treatment for Obesity: A Systematic PRISMA Review of Case-Based Evidence.

Bidesie J, Oudman E

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2026; (34 Suppl 2()):64-69 doi:10.1002/oby.70256.

Non-alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Batarfi MA

Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences 2026; (14(3)):209-216 doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_447_25.

Clinical Characteristics, Neuroimaging Findings, and Mortality in Korsakoff Syndrome.

Coffi I, Lecœur E, Zarca K, et al.

JAMA neurology 2026; doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.3114.