Research & Literature

Multimodality Imaging of Carotid Stenosis.

Adla T, Adlova R

The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc 2015; (24(3)):179-84 doi:10.1055/s-0035-1556056.

Definition of Best Medical Treatment in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Paraskevas KI, Mikhailidis DP, Veith FJ, Spence JD

Angiology 2016; (67(5)):411-9 doi:10.1177/0003319715624526.

Time-Resolved 4-Dimensional Computed-Tomography Angiography Can Correctly Identify Carotid Pseudo-Occlusion.

Ng FC, Datta M, Choi PM

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2016; (25(4)):1005-6.

Recognition of Stroke by EMS is Associated with Improvement in Emergency Department Quality Measures.

Abboud ME, Band R, Jia J, et al.

Prehospital emergency care 2016; (20(6)):729-736 doi:10.1080/10903127.2016.1182602.

Predictors of Restenosis Following Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting.

Zapata-Arriaza E, Moniche F, González A, et al.

Stroke 2016; (47(8)):2144-7 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012650.

Stroke Caused by Extracranial Disease.

Barrett KM, Brott TG

Circulation research 2017; (120(3)):496-501 doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310138.

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack.

Coutts SB

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2017; (23(1, Cerebrovascular Disease)):82-92 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000424.

Restenosis after Carotid Interventions and Its Relationship with Recurrent Ipsilateral Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Kumar R, Batchelder A, Saratzis A, et al.

European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2017; (53(6)):766-775 doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.02.016.

Silent Brain Infarctions and Leukoaraiosis in Patients With Retinal Ischemia: A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study.

Golsari A, Bittersohl D, Cheng B, et al.

Stroke 2017; (48(5)):1392-1396 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016467.

Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease: Revascularization.

Montorsi P, Galli S, Ravagnani PM, Roffi M

Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2017; (59(6)):601-611 doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.04.002.

Bilateral Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion, External Carotid Artery Stenosis, and Vertebral Artery Kinking: May It Be Asymptomatic?

Fatic N, Jaffer U, Ivana S, et al.

Annals of vascular surgery 2017; (44()):416.e5-416.e8 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2017.04.038.

Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Orrapin S, Rerkasem K

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2017; (6()):CD001081 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001081.pub3.

Complete ophthalmoplegia, complete ptosis and dilated pupil due to internal carotid artery dissection: as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis.

Herath HMMTB, Pahalagamage SP, Withana D, Senanayake S

BMC cardiovascular disorders 2017; (17(1)):201 doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0638-7.

Multiple cranial neuropathies as a presentation of spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection: A case report and literature review.

English SW, Passe TJ, Lindell EP, Klaas JP

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2018; (50()):129-131 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.01.056.

Cervical Artery Dissection and Choosing Appropriate Therapy.

Lau JT, Hunt JS, Bruner DI, Austin AL

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine 2017; (1(3)):225-228 doi:10.5811/cpcem.2017.3.33296.

Management of Cavernous Sinus Meningioma Presenting With Cerebrovascular Insufficiency Secondary to Cavernous Carotid Artery Occlusion: Report of 2 Cases.

Alzhrani G, Derrico N, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Couldwell WT

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) 2019; (16(4)):503-513 doi:10.1093/ons/opy120.

Comparison of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound to Other Angiographic Modalities in the Measurement of Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Boyko M, Kalashyan H, Becher H, et al.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging 2018; (28(6)):683-687 doi:10.1111/jon.12532.

Acute retinal arterial ischemia.

Dattilo M, Newman NJ, Biousse V

Annals of eye science 2018; (3()) doi:10.21037/aes.2018.05.04.

Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Intervention or Best Medical Therapy?

Gaba K, Ringleb PA, Halliday A

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2018; (18(11)):80 doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0888-5.

Carotid Stenosis: Utility of Diagnostic Angiography.

Felbaum DR, Maxwell C, Naydin S, et al.

World neurosurgery 2019; (121()):e962-e966 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.054.

The stronger one-sided relative hypoperfusion, the more pronounced ipsilateral spatial attentional bias in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Göttler J, Kaczmarz S, Nuttall R, et al.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2020; (40(2)):314-327 doi:10.1177/0271678X18815790.

Carotid artery stenting: Current state of evidence and future directions.

Lamanna A, Maingard J, Barras CD, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2019; (139(4)):318-333 doi:10.1111/ane.13062.

Imaging of Carotid Dissection.

Hakimi R, Sivakumar S

Current pain and headache reports 2019; (23(1)):2 doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0741-9.

Long-term outcomes of stenting and endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis: a preplanned pooled analysis of individual patient data.

Brott TG, Calvet D, Howard G, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2019; (18(4)):348-356 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30028-6.

Risk Factors for Restenosis After Carotid Revascularization: A Meta-Analysis of Hazard Ratios.

Texakalidis P, Tzoumas A, Giannopoulos S, et al.

World neurosurgery 2019; (125()):414-424 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.065.

Evolution of surgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis: a single center observational study.

Soenens G, Moreels N, Vermassen F, et al.

Acta chirurgica Belgica 2020; (120(5)):301-309 doi:10.1080/00015458.2019.1607489.

Four collateral circulation pathways were observed after common carotid artery occlusion.

Wang J, Zheng C, Hou B, et al.

BMC neurology 2019; (19(1)):201 doi:10.1186/s12883-019-1425-0.

Association of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization vs Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting With Stroke or Death Among Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Schermerhorn ML, Liang P, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, et al.

JAMA 2019; (322(23)):2313-2322 doi:10.1001/jama.2019.18441.

Long-term outcomes of axillary to carotid bypass for symptomatic patients with chronic common carotid artery occlusion.

Song LP, Gu YQ, Yu HX, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2020; (72(2)):597-602 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.10.059.

Current aspects of TIA management.

Clissold B, Phan TG, Ly J, et al.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2020; (72()):20-25 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.032.

BE-FAST: A Sensitive Screening Tool to Identify In-Hospital Acute Ischemic Stroke.

El Ammar F, Ardelt A, Del Brutto VJ, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2020; (29(7)):104821 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104821.

Tandem Carotid Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Future Directions.

Poppe AY, Jacquin G, Roy D, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2020; (41(7)):1142-1148 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6582.

Bilateral carotid artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome in a patient with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report.

Ikenouchi H, Takagi M, Nishimura A, et al.

BMC neurology 2020; (20(1)):285 doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01866-2.

Rationale, Design, and Implementation of Intensive Risk Factor Treatment in the CREST2 Trial.

Turan TN, Voeks JH, Chimowitz MI, et al.

Stroke 2020; (51(10)):2960-2971 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030730.

Prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke in the Netherlands.

den Brok MG, Kuhrij LS, Roozenbeek B, et al.

European stroke journal 2020; (5(3)):271-277 doi:10.1177/2396987320932065.

Management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Spence JD

Annals of translational medicine 2020; (8(19)):1262 doi:10.21037/atm-20-975.

Management and prognosis of acute extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion.

Mayer L, Grams A, Freyschlag CF, et al.

Annals of translational medicine 2020; (8(19)):1268 doi:10.21037/atm-20-3169.

Why are we still debating criteria for carotid artery stenosis?

Del Brutto VJ, Gornik HL, Rundek T

Annals of translational medicine 2020; (8(19)):1270 doi:10.21037/atm-20-1188a.

The management of carotid restenosis: a comprehensive review.

Stilo F, Montelione N, Calandrelli R, et al.

Annals of translational medicine 2020; (8(19)):1272 doi:10.21037/atm-20-963.

Chronic total occlusion and spontaneous recanalization of the internal carotid artery: Natural history and management strategy.

Lall A, Yavagal DR, Bornak A

Vascular 2021; (29(5)):733-741 doi:10.1177/1708538120978043.

Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up in Extracranial Carotid Stenosis.

Eckstein HH, Kühnl A, Berkefeld J, et al.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2020; (117(47)):801-807.

Endovascular therapy with or without intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke with tandem occlusion.

Anadani M, Marnat G, Consoli A, et al.

Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2022; (14(4)):314-320 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017202.

Ultrasonography Grading of Internal Carotid Artery Disease: Multiparametric German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) versus Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Consensus Criteria.

Winzer S, Rickmann H, Kitzler H, et al.

Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2022; (43(6)):608-613 doi:10.1055/a-1487-5941.

Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease.

AbuRahma AF, Avgerinos ED, Chang RW, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2022; (75(1S)):4S-22S doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.073.

Endovascular Therapy of Anterior Circulation Tandem Occlusions: Pooled Analysis From the TITAN and ETIS Registries.

Anadani M, Marnat G, Consoli A, et al.

Stroke 2021; (52(10)):3097-3105 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033032.

European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis.

Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, et al.

European stroke journal 2021; (6(2)):I doi:10.1177/23969873211026990.

Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy.

Halliday A, Bulbulia R, Bonati LH, et al.

Lancet (London, England) 2021; (398(10305)):1065-1073 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01910-3.

Successful implementation of best medical treatment for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis within a randomized controlled trial (SPACE-2).

Reiff T, Eckstein HH, Mansmann U, et al.

Neurological research and practice 2021; (3(1)):62 doi:10.1186/s42466-021-00153-w.

Emergency Medical Services Prenotification is Associated with Reduced Odds of In-Hospital Mortality in Stroke Patients.

Nielsen VM, Song G, DeJoie-Stanton C, Zachrison KS

Prehospital emergency care 2023; (27(5)):639-645 doi:10.1080/10903127.2022.2079784.

Association of carotid revascularization approach with perioperative outcomes based on symptom status and degree of stenosis among octogenarians.

Kibrik P, Stonko DP, Alsheekh A, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2022; (76(3)):769-777.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2022.04.027.

Duplex ultrasound for diagnosing symptomatic carotid stenosis in the extracranial segments.

Cassola N, Baptista-Silva JC, Nakano LC, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2022; (7()):CD013172 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013172.pub2.

Coexistence of external carotid artery embolus and internal carotid artery occlusion in acute ischemic stroke: An indicator of cardioembolic etiology?

Deniz C, Altunan B, Aykaç Ö, Özdemir AÖ

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2022; (31(9)):106630 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106630.

Carotid dissection and central serous chorioretinopathy related to sarcoidosis-antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report.

Valentín-Bravo FJ, García-Onrubia L, Martín-Asenjo M, et al.

Romanian journal of ophthalmology 2022; (66(2)):193-197 doi:10.22336/rjo.2022.38.

Endarterectomy, Stenting, or Medical Treatment for Symptomatic Carotid Near-Occlusion: Results from CAOS, a Multicenter Registry Study.

Garcia-Pastor A, Gil-Núñez A, Ramirez-Moreno JM, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2022; (43(9)):1304-1310 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7617.

Optimal periprocedural antithrombotic treatment in carotid interventions: An international, multispecialty, expert review and position statement.

Paraskevas KI, Gloviczki P, Mikhailidis DP, et al.

Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2022; (74()):28-37 doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2022.10.002.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute isolated proximal internal carotid artery occlusions: a narrative review.

Kargiotis O, Psychogios K, Safouris A, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2022; (15()):17562864221136335 doi:10.1177/17562864221136335.

Physiologic risk factors increase risk of myocardial infarction with transcarotid artery revascularization in prospective trials.

Chung J, Kumins NH, Smith J, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2023; (77(4)):1192-1198 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2022.12.013.

Diagnosis, Workup, Risk Reduction of Transient Ischemic Attack in the Emergency Department Setting: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Amin HP, Madsen TE, Bravata DM, et al.

Stroke 2023; (54(3)):e109-e121 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000418.

Contemporary Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Narrative Review of Current Literature and Guidelines.

Bhatia K, Ladd LM, Carr KH, et al.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2023; (23(5)):235-262 doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01266-2.

Urgent endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid occlusion is associated with a high mortality.

Schlacter JA, Ratner M, Siracuse JJ, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2023; (78(2)):423-429 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.02.029.

Effect of anterior communicating artery patency on the flow velocity in bilateral carotid artery stenosis after carotid endarterectomy.

Xia M, Hua Y, Jia L, et al.

Vascular medicine (London, England) 2023; (28(4)):308-314 doi:10.1177/1358863X231171611.

Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy for Isolated Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in a Patient with Monocular Blindness: A Case Report.

Dofuku S, Sato M, Aoka T, et al.

NMC case report journal 2023; (10()):191-195 doi:10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0366.

Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion as a Rare Presentation of Infectious Endocarditis: A Case Report.

Wolf T, Dewey K, Adler D

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine 2023; (7(3)):140-143 doi:10.5811/cpcem.1489.

Diagnosis and management of tandem occlusion in acute ischemic stroke.

Di Donna A, Muto G, Giordano F, et al.

European journal of radiology open 2023; (11()):100513 doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100513.

Interplay between carotid artery dissection and thrombophilia leading to ischaemic stroke after minor head trauma in an adolescent: a case report.

Hanalioglu D, Oncel I, Hanalioglu S, et al.

Paediatrics and international child health 2023; (43(1-3)):13-18 doi:10.1080/20469047.2023.2269362.

Recent advances and controversial issues in the optimal management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Paraskevas KI, Brown MM, Lal BK, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (79(3)):695-703 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.11.004.

Role of carotid duplex in the assessment of carotid artery restenosis after endarterectomy or stenting.

Szegedi I, Potvorszki F, Mészáros ZR, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2023; (14()):1226220 doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1226220.

Duplex ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging in carotid artery occlusion diagnosis.

Speranza G, Harish K, Rockman C, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (79(3)):577-583 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.11.029.

An analysis of the recommendations of the 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

AbuRahma A

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (79(5)):1235-1239 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.12.041.

Importance of cerebral angiography in the evaluation of delayed carotid stent thrombosis: a case report.

Masoud Z, Daza-Ovalle JF, Esenwa C

Journal of medical case reports 2024; (18(1)):109 doi:10.1186/s13256-024-04379-5.

Endovascular treatment of acute atherothrombotic internal carotid artery occlusion associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.

Ishizuka T, Endo H, Yamaguchi S, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2024; (238()):108179 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108179.

Derivation of a clinical prediction score for the diagnosis of clinically significant symptomatic carotid artery disease.

Abdulaziz KE, Taljaard M, Dowlatshahi D, et al.

CJEM 2024; (26(10)):741-750 doi:10.1007/s43678-024-00759-4.

Near-infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis and management of acute internal carotid artery occlusion.

Moses AA, Zhigin V, Desir L, et al.

BMJ case reports 2024; (17(9)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2024-261413.

Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Following Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Pyae Kyaw M, Tanaka T, Ito J, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(10)):e72022 doi:10.7759/cureus.72022.

Characterizing TIA and stroke symptomatology in a population-based study: implications for and diagnostic value of FAST-based public education.

Claus JJ, Berghout BBP, Box CVJ, et al.

BMC public health 2024; (24(1)):3512 doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20960-5.

The pitfalls and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with carotid near-occlusion: a narrative review.

Xia F, Zhao J, Bao L, Lyu X

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery 2024; (14(12)):9600-9619 doi:10.21037/qims-24-1037.

The Value of Non-Invasive Optimal Vessel Analysis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Studying Flow and Collateral Patterns in Patients with Bilateral Carotid Steno-Occlusive Disease.

Helg F, Colombo E, Inauen C, et al.

Brain sciences 2025; (15(2)) doi:10.3390/brainsci15020211.

Clinical Outcomes of Restenosis Patients After Carotid Endarterectomy.

Park JK, Yang SS, Park YM, et al.

Annals of vascular surgery 2025; (121()):237-244 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2025.06.023.

Prehospital notification in acute stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

Kimbrell J, Shekhar AC, Stebel J, et al.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 2025; (38(5)):622-625 doi:10.1080/08998280.2025.2514984.

Traumatic Carotid Artery Dissection Following a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Chokehold: A Case Report.

Martinet P, Holloway OG, Phatouros CC, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(9)):e91604 doi:10.7759/cureus.91604.

Endovascular Recanalization for Nonacute Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort Study.

Hou C, Shi X, Huo S, et al.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) 2024; (4(1)):e001002 doi:10.1161/SVIN.123.001002.

A Case Report of the Unusual Presentation of the Left and Then the Right Spontaneous Carotid Artery Dissections Within 3 Weeks and a 7-Year Follow-Up.

Ravisangar V, Sivagnanaratnam A

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2026; (87(1)):50186 doi:10.31083/BJHM50186.

Distinction between acute and chronic carotid disease based on computed tomography angiography in acute ischemic stroke patients with carotid artery occlusion.

Bae J, Lee EJ, Kang DW, et al.

BMC neurology 2026; (26(1)).

Sonographic features associated with ischemic stroke in patients with extracranial internal carotid artery dissection: a single-center exploratory study.

Xu X, Zhang L, Ji Y, Hui P

BMC medical imaging 2026; (26(1)).

Neurosonology in acute stroke revealing bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion maintained by persistent embryologic collaterals: A case report.

Ghomari Khayat O, Bentamra L, Houari I, et al.

Radiology case reports 2026; (21(7)):2791-2797 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2026.03.026.

Carotid Artery Stenting: Evolution, Evidence, and Contemporary Practice in the Era of Intensive Medical Therapy.

Dixit S, Anamika F, Multani A, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (16(4)) doi:10.3390/life16040601.

An international, multispecialty consensus document on the optimal management of patients with internal carotid artery occlusion.

Paraskevas KI, Sultan S, Podlasek A, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2026; (84(4)):919-930 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2026.04.044.