Research & Literature

Treatment of Scarring Alopecia in Discoid Variant of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus With Tacrolimus Lotion, 0.3.

Milam EC, Ramachandran S, Franks AG

JAMA dermatology 2015; (151(10)):1113-6 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1349.

Ocular Complications in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis of Reported Cases.

Arrico L, Abbouda A, Abicca I, Malagola R

Journal of ophthalmology 2015; (2015()):254260 doi:10.1155/2015/254260.

Neglect leads to extremes: maggots and malignancy in a case of discoid lupus erythematosus.

Bhari N, Khaitan BK, Gupta P, et al.

Lupus 2016; (25(1)):97-101 doi:10.1177/0961203315603145.

Safety and retention of combination triple disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis.

Cummins L, Katikireddi VS, Shankaranarayana S, et al.

Internal medicine journal 2015; (45(12)):1266-73 doi:10.1111/imj.12896.

Dapsone as Second-Line Treatment for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus? A Retrospective Analysis of 34 Patients and a Review of the Literature.

Klebes M, Wutte N, Aberer E

Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2016; (232(1)):91-6 doi:10.1159/000441054.

Microarray study reveals a transforming growth factor-β-dependent mechanism of fibrosis in discoid lupus erythematosus.

Solé C, Gimenez-Barcons M, Ferrer B, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2016; (175(2)):302-13 doi:10.1111/bjd.14539.

Squamous cell carcinoma on the lip arising from discoid lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of Japanese patients.

Makita E, Akasaka E, Sakuraba Y, et al.

European journal of dermatology : EJD 2016; (26(4)):395-6 doi:10.1684/ejd.2016.2780.

Ethnic differences in the epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in New Zealand.

Jarrett P, Thornley S, Scragg R

Lupus 2016; (25(13)):1497-1502 doi:10.1177/0961203316651745.

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Pearce L

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2016; (30(43)):17 doi:10.7748/ns.30.43.17.s21.

Squamous Cell Cancer Arising in an African American Male Cheek from Discoid Lupus: A Rare Case and Review of the Literature.

Shapera EA, Kim PD

Case reports in surgery 2016; (2016()):9170424 doi:10.1155/2016/9170424.

Chronic Discoid Lupus, Erythematosus with Multiple Keratoacanthoma.

Mittal R, Chopra A, Gill SS

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 1986; (52(5)):286-297.

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Yusuf IH, Sharma S, Luqmani R, Downes SM

Eye (London, England) 2017; (31(6)):828-845 doi:10.1038/eye.2016.298.

Predictors of low quality of life in patients with discoid lupus.

Teske NM, Cardon ZE, Ogunsanya ME, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2017; (177(4)):e147-e149 doi:10.1111/bjd.15490.

Histologic features of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus of the scalp using horizontal sectioning: Emphasis on follicular findings.

Chung HJ, Goldberg LJ

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2017; (77(2)):349-355 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.039.

Eruptive Keratoacanthoma-Like Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Georgesen C, Magro C

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2018; (40(6)):423-427 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000971.

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus presenting as atypical acneiform and comedonal plaque: case report and literature review.

Vieira ML, Marques ERMC, Leda YLA, et al.

Lupus 2018; (27(5)):853-857 doi:10.1177/0961203317726377.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinico-pathologic correlation.

Filotico R, Mastrandrea V

Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia 2018; (153(2)):216-229 doi:10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05929-1.

Racial Disparities in the Incidence of Primary Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in the Southeastern US: The Georgia Lupus Registry.

Drenkard C, Parker S, Aspey LD, et al.

Arthritis care & research 2019; (71(1)):95-103 doi:10.1002/acr.23578.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Primary Care.

Kado R

Primary care 2018; (45(2)):257-270 doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.02.011.

Chronic Inflammation Promotes Skin Carcinogenesis in Cancer-Prone Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Zaalberg A, Moradi Tuchayi S, Ameri AH, et al.

The Journal of investigative dermatology 2019; (139(1)):62-70 doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.185.

Rapamycin for refractory discoid lupus erythematosus.

Herold M, Richmond NA, Montuno MA, et al.

Dermatologic therapy 2018; (31(5)):e12631 doi:10.1111/dth.12631.

Persistent red and swollen eyelids.

Maya Y, Tashimo A, Ota M

Lancet (London, England) 2018; (392(10157)):1552 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32327-4.

Practice-based differences in paediatric discoid lupus erythematosus.

Arkin LM, Buhr K, Brandling-Bennett H, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2019; (181(4)):805-810 doi:10.1111/bjd.17780.

Comment on the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus by Fanouriakis et al.

Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Isenberg D, Petri M

Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2020; (79(8)):e90 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215573.

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Patients With a Negative Antinuclear Antibody Meeting the American College of Rheumatology and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Tarazi M, Gaffney RG, Kushner CJ, et al.

Arthritis care & research 2019; (71(11)):1404-1409 doi:10.1002/acr.23916.

A review of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach.

Jarrett P, Werth VP

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare 2019; (12()):419-428 doi:10.2147/JMDH.S179623.

Koebner phenomenon of hidradenitis suppurativa on a surgical scar.

Musumeci ML, Pavone A, Barresi S, et al.

International wound journal 2019; (16(5)):1231-1233 doi:10.1111/iwj.13169.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: new insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

Wenzel J

Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2019; (15(9)):519-532 doi:10.1038/s41584-019-0272-0.

Current Insights Into The Management Of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Company-Quiroga J, Alique-García S, Romero-Maté A

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2019; (12()):721-732 doi:10.2147/CCID.S184824.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea.

Baek YS, Park SH, Baek J, et al.

The Journal of dermatology 2020; (47(2)):163-165 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15162.

Persistent Facial Oedema and Erythema in a Woman, An Uncommon Manifestation of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

García-Arpa M, Rodríguez-Vázquez M, Bellido-Pastrana D, et al.

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2020; (7(3)):001462 doi:10.12890/2020_001462.

Different distribution patterns of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen planopilaris demonstrated by CD123 immunostaining.

Rakhshan A, Toossi P, Amani M, et al.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2020; (95(3)):307-313 doi:10.1016/j.abd.2019.11.005.

Tattoo: Ancient art and current problems.

Gualdi G, Fabiano A, Moro R, et al.

Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2021; (20(2)):602-604 doi:10.1111/jocd.13548.

Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.

McKeon KP, Jiang SH

Australian prescriber 2020; (43(3)):85-90 doi:10.18773/austprescr.2020.022.

Current Insights in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Immunopathogenesis.

Garelli CJ, Refat MA, Nanaware PP, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2020; (11()):1353 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01353.

A peristomal plaque of sudden occurrence.

La Placa M, Abbenante D, Pazzaglia M, Di Altobrando A

Clinical case reports 2021; (9(4)):2477-2478 doi:10.1002/ccr3.3939.

Anifrolumab: First Approval.

Deeks ED

Drugs 2021; (81(15)):1795-1802 doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01604-z.

Discoid lupus erythematosus skin lesion distribution and characteristics in Black patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Joseph AK, Windsor B, Hynan LS, Chong BF

Lupus science & medicine 2021; (8(1)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000514.

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis: Utilizing Assessment Tools for Treatment Efficacy.

Chong BF, Werth V

The Journal of investigative dermatology 2022; (142(3 Pt B)):936-943 doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.036.

Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge.

Dima A, Jurcut C, Chasset F, et al.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease 2022; (14()):1759720X211073001 doi:10.1177/1759720X211073001.

Cross-sectional characteristics of pediatric-onset discoid lupus erythematosus: Results of a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Ezeh N, Ardalan K, Buhr KA, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2022; (87(3)):559-566 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.028.

Depression, stigma and social isolation: the psychosocial trifecta of primary chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a cross-sectional and path analysis.

Drenkard C, Theis KA, Daugherty TT, et al.

Lupus science & medicine 2022; (9(1)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2022-000697.

Clinicopathological Features of Alopecia With an Emphasis on Etiology and Histopathological Characteristics of Scarring Alopecia.

Hashmi AA, Rashid K, Ali R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(8)):e27661 doi:10.7759/cureus.27661.

Topical niacinamide (Nicotinamide) treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE): A prospective pilot study.

Nouh AH, Elshahid AR, Kadah AS, Zeyada YA

Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2023; (22(5)):1647-1657 doi:10.1111/jocd.15628.

Autoimmune Skin Conditions: Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Foulke G, Helm LA, Clebak KT, Helm M

FP essentials 2023; (526()):25-36.

Open-Label Phase 2 Pilot Study of Oral Tofacitinib in Adult Subjects With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE).

Alsukait S, Learned C, Rosmarin D

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2023; (22(4)):425-427 doi:10.36849/JDD.7098.

Unusual case of adult-onset cutaneous lupus erythematosus mimicking early mycosis fungoides.

Ahmed H, Petkar M, Wafi O, Abu Shaikha S

Oxford medical case reports 2023; (2023(5)):omad043 doi:10.1093/omcr/omad043.

Role of Anifrolumab in Refractory Cutaneous Manifestations of Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan HB, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(5)):e39553 doi:10.7759/cureus.39553.

Efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ma L, Peng L, Zhao J, et al.

Autoimmunity reviews 2023; (22(12)):103440 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103440.

Lupus Erythematosus Profundus with Multiple Overlying Cutaneous Ulcerations: A Rare Case.

Sutedja E, Widjaya MRH, Dharmadji HP, et al.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2023; (16()):2721-2726 doi:10.2147/CCID.S430068.

Case report of canine discoid lupus erythematosus in Guatemala.

De León-Robles E, Colmenares M, Calderón GM

Veterinary medicine and science 2024; (10(3)):e1264 doi:10.1002/vms3.1264.

Efficacy of anifrolumab in long-term intractable alopecia due to discoid lupus erythematosus.

Azuma N, Natsuaki M, Hashimoto N, et al.

Modern rheumatology case reports 2024; (8(2)):267-271 doi:10.1093/mrcr/rxae018.

Halting the Progression of Cicatricial Alopecia with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin.

Chikhalkar SB, Singh S, Shah AJK, et al.

International journal of trichology 2023; (15(4)):163-166 doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_116_21.

Trichoscopy of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in the Black Scalp: A Literature Review.

Lemos TB, Cortez de Almeida RF, Frattini S, et al.

Skin appendage disorders 2024; (10(4)):307-311 doi:10.1159/000534430.

Area Deprivation and Disease Severity in Adult Patients With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Faden DF, Xie L, Stone C, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2024; (160(9)):984-988 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.2355.

Surgical Excision Combined with Photodynamic Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Lupus Vulgaris.

Lin L, Huang Z, Xi B, et al.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2024; (17()):1757-1762 doi:10.2147/CCID.S476845.

Mucosal Cancers Arising in Potentially Malignant Lesions of the Oral Mucosa Are Marjolin Ulcers: New Insights Into Old Concepts.

Guedes NL, Lourenço SV, Nico MMS

Dermatology practical & conceptual 2024; (14(3)) doi:10.5826/dpc.1403a210.

Understanding the Role of Type I Interferons in Cutaneous Lupus and Dermatomyositis: Toward Better Therapeutics.

Hile GA, Werth VP

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2025; (77(1)):1-11 doi:10.1002/art.42983.

JAK inhibitors in systemic lupus erythematosus: Translating pathogenesis into therapy.

Ceobanu G, Edwards CJ

Lupus 2024; (33(13)):1403-1415 doi:10.1177/09612033241287594.

Innovations in Cutaneous Lupus.

Lin RR, Warp PV, Hartoyo MA, et al.

Dermatologic clinics 2025; (43(1)):123-136 doi:10.1016/j.det.2024.08.010.

Clinical and Trichoscopic Patterns of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus of Scalp in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Observational Study.

Bhardwaj S, Peter D, George L, et al.

Indian journal of dermatology 2025; (70(1)):1-5 doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_514_23.

Early initiation of hydroxychloroquine in cutaneous lupus erythematosus to prevent progression to systemic lupus erythematosus: A long-term follow-up study.

Bar D, Baum S, Segal Z, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2025; (93(1)):55-63 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2025.02.066.

Can Dermoscopy Be a Useful Follow-Up Tool in Patients with Discoid Lupus Treated with Anifrolumab?

Ambrogio F, Foti C, Noviello S, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (15(5)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics15050522.

Anifrolumab for refractory discoid lupus: Two case reports of successful outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

Aljohani R

Medicine 2025; (104(20)):e42518 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000042518.

A rare ocular manifestation of discoid lupus: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Kuladeva D, Lim PN, Rooney H, et al.

Clinical and experimental dermatology 2025; (50(10)):2046-2048 doi:10.1093/ced/llaf229.

Subtle Presentations and Diagnostic Complexities of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Case Series.

Alex A, John SM

Cureus 2025; (17(5)):e83393 doi:10.7759/cureus.83393.

Successful use of anifrolumab in refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.

Ramadhan A, Troug A, Yacyshyn E, Gniadecki R

SAGE open medical case reports 2025; (13()):2050313X251350376 doi:10.1177/2050313X251350376.

A systematic review of procedural modalities in the treatment of lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and discoid lupus erythematosus.

Tanha AE, Ghane Y, Jafarzadeh A, Goodarzi A

Lasers in medical science 2025; (40(1)):431 doi:10.1007/s10103-025-04704-4.

Decreased Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.

Lu YY, Liu YC, Chiu YW, et al.

The Journal of dermatology 2026; (53(1)):126-130 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.70017.

Koebner Phenomenon Induced by Eyeglasses in a Patient With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

Fathizadeh S, Woods AD, Haber R

Case reports in dermatological medicine 2025; (2025()):8262393 doi:10.1155/crdm/8262393.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus - from pathogenesis to targeted therapy.

Klein B, Billi AC, Abernathy-Close L, Kahlenberg JM

Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2025; (21(12)):703-718 doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01318-6.

Trichoscopic Differentiation in Alopecia: Retrospective Case Series Comparing Lichen Planopilaris, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, and Alopecia Areata.

Kaya G

JMIR dermatology 2025; (8()):e83463 doi:10.2196/83463.

Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Acne Scars: A Case Report.

Aljuhani F, Potereau A, Chaby G

Case reports in dermatology 2025; (17(1)):620-625 doi:10.1159/000548979.

An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Verdelli A, Barletta E, Mariotti EB, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(23)) doi:10.3390/jcm14238285.