Research & Literature

Repeated therapeutic thoracentesis to manage complicated parapneumonic effusions.

Jouneau S, Letheulle J, Desrues B

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2015; (21(4)):387-92 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000171.

Diagnostic value of Light's criteria and albumin gradient in classifying the pathophysiology of pleural effusion formation in cats.

Zoia A, Drigo M

Journal of feline medicine and surgery 2016; (18(8)):666-72 doi:10.1177/1098612X15592170.

Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Viridans Streptococcal Pneumonia.

Choi SH, Cha SI, Choi KJ, et al.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 2015; (78(3)):196-202 doi:10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.196.

[Endoscopic surgery accelerates recovery from empyema].

Nummi A, Räsänen J, Kauppi J, et al.

Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja 2015; (131(7)):657-62.

Management of Intrapleural Sepsis with Once Daily Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Deoxyribonuclease.

Mehta HJ, Biswas A, Penley AM, et al.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2016; (91(2)):101-6 doi:10.1159/000443334.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication for the management of late stage pleural empyema, is it feasible?

Hajjar WM, Ahmed I, Al-Nassar SA, et al.

Annals of thoracic medicine 2016; (11(1)):71-8 doi:10.4103/1817-1737.165293.

Factors influencing pleural drainage in parapneumonic effusions.

Porcel JM, Valencia H, Bielsa S

Revista clinica espanola 2016; (216(7)):361-366 doi:10.1016/j.rce.2016.04.004.

Stage-directed therapy of pleural empyema.

Reichert M, Hecker M, Witte B, et al.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2017; (402(1)):15-26 doi:10.1007/s00423-016-1498-9.

A meta-analysis of video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication versus open thoracotomy decortication for patients with empyema.

Pan H, He J, Shen J, et al.

Journal of thoracic disease 2017; (9(7)):2006-2014 doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.109.

A review of the management of complex para-pneumonic effusion in adults.

Koppurapu V, Meena N

Journal of thoracic disease 2017; (9(7)):2135-2141 doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.21.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open chest surgery in infectious lung diseases.

Thirugnanam A

Journal of visualized surgery 2017; (3()):3 doi:10.21037/jovs.2016.12.03.

Risk Stratification in Patients with Complicated Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema Using the RAPID Score.

Touray S, Sood RN, Lindstrom D, et al.

Lung 2018; (196(5)):623-629 doi:10.1007/s00408-018-0146-2.

Treating empyema thoracis using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open decortication procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis by meta-mums tool.

Sokouti M, Sadeghi R, Pashazadeh S, et al.

Archives of medical science : AMS 2019; (15(4)):912-935 doi:10.5114/aoms.2018.77723.

Dual intracavitary therapy for pleural infections: leaving reluctance behind.

Porcel JM

The European respiratory journal 2019; (54(2)) doi:10.1183/13993003.01001-2019.

Thoracoscopy in stage 3 empyema thoracis in children - A safe and feasible alternative to thoracotomy.

Santanakrishnan R, Murali GS, Javaregowda D, et al.

Journal of pediatric surgery 2020; (55(4)):756-760 doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.007.

Effectiveness of Intrapleural Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Dornase Alfa vs Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alone in Children with Pleural Empyema: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Livingston MH, Mahant S, Connolly B, et al.

JAMA pediatrics 2020; (174(4)):332-340 doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5863.

Epidemiology, Etiology and Prevention of Postpneumonectomy Pleural Empyema.

Petrov DB, Subotic D, Yankov GS, et al.

Folia medica 2019; (61(3)):352-357 doi:10.3897/folmed.61.e39120.

Open pleural decortication for the late stage empyema thoracis in children: a retrospective observational study from a tertiary hospital of eastern Nepal.

Jaiswal LS, Pandit N, Sah B, Prasad JN

Tropical doctor 2020; (50(3)):203-209 doi:10.1177/0049475520921279.

Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy versus Early Medical Thoracoscopy for Treatment of Pleural Infection. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Kheir F, Thakore S, Mehta H, et al.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2020; (17(8)):958-964 doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202001-076OC.

Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study.

Corcoran JP, Psallidas I, Gerry S, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2020; (56(5)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00130-2020.

Loculated empyema in a neonate successfully treated with chest tube thoracostomy and antibiotics.

Diez JRV, Perez MLM, Malayan GV, Cenabre MVL

Respiratory medicine case reports 2020; (31()):101274 doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101274.

Bacteriology, antibiotic resistance and risk stratification of patients with culture-positive, community-acquired pleural infection.

Iliopoulou M, Skouras V, Psaroudaki Z, et al.

Journal of thoracic disease 2021; (13(2)):521-532 doi:10.21037/jtd-20-2786.

Pleural empyema in children - benefits of primary thoracoscopic treatment.

Barglik R, Grabowski A, Korlacki W, et al.

Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques 2021; (16(1)):264-272 doi:10.5114/wiitm.2020.97443.

Open window thoracostomy for a chronic calcified pleural empyema in the setting of a closed chest trauma.

Harmouchi H, Hamraoui Y, Lakranbi M, et al.

SAGE open medical case reports 2021; (9()):2050313X211025437 doi:10.1177/2050313X211025437.

Sonographic septation: a useful diagnostic predictor of complicated parapneumonic effusion.

Chang SY, Chen YC, Tsai CL, et al.

Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research 2021; (69(8)):1447-1452 doi:10.1136/jim-2020-001770.

Evaluation and management of pleural sepsis.

Lui JK, Billatos E, Schembri F

Respiratory medicine 2021; (187()):106553 doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106553.

Microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of empyema thoracis in Calabar, Nigeria.

Nwagboso CI, Ekeng BE, Etiuma AU, et al.

Tropical doctor 2021; (51(4)):523-526 doi:10.1177/00494755211032844.

16S rRNA is a valuable tool in finding bacterial aetiology of community-acquired pleural empyema-a population-based observational study in South Sweden.

Hjertman J, Bläckberg J, Ljungquist O

Infectious diseases (London, England) 2022; (54(3)):163-169 doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1985165.

Clinico-radiological profile of the patients with empyema thoracis: A prospective analytical study.

Shekhar H, Sharma N, Singh SK, et al.

The Indian journal of tuberculosis 2021; (68(4)):491-496 doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.03.007.

Uniportal Thoracoscopic Debridement for Children With Refractory Pleural Empyema: Case Series of 21 Patients.

Huang JX, Chen Q, Hong SM, et al.

Frontiers in pediatrics 2021; (9()):777324 doi:10.3389/fped.2021.777324.

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Community-Acquired Thoracic Empyema: Analysis of Risk Factors for Mortality.

Lin CW, Huang KY, Lin CH, et al.

Surgical infections 2022; (23(2)):191-198 doi:10.1089/sur.2021.191.

Management of Empyema Thoracis in Low-Resource Settings.

Bekele A, Alayande BT

Thoracic surgery clinics 2022; (32(3)):361-372 doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.02.004.

Pleural fluid biochemical analysis: the past, present and future.

Zheng WQ, Hu ZD

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2023; (61(5)):921-934 doi:10.1515/cclm-2022-0844.

Does the time to diagnosis and treatment influence outcome in adults with pleural infections.

Klausen MB, Laursen C, Bendixen M, et al.

European clinical respiratory journal 2023; (10(1)):2174645 doi:10.1080/20018525.2023.2174645.

Bochdalek hernia masquerading as pleural effusion in a young adult.

Wong C, Lam CT, Yam LYC

Respirology case reports 2023; (11(3)):e01104 doi:10.1002/rcr2.1104.

Choice of intrapleural fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of adult complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema: Network meta-analysis.

Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Takagi H, Burfeind W

Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals 2023; (31(5)):451-458 doi:10.1177/02184923231180990.

Two case reports of two interventional radiology techniques for the treatment of stage II empyema: Hydrodissection and guidewire-dissection.

Yoshikawa S, Nakamura M, Ueda T

Radiology case reports 2023; (18(8)):2711-2716 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2023.04.061.

Chest ultrasound is better than CT in identifying septated effusion of patients with pleural disease.

Yang L, Wang K, Li W, Liu D

Scientific reports 2024; (14(1)):11964 doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62807-4.

Long-term outcomes in surgically intervened empyema patients: a systematic review.

Jolliffe J, Dunne B, Eckhaus J, Antippa P

ANZ journal of surgery 2024; (94(9)):1491-1501 doi:10.1111/ans.19123.

More isn't always better: antibiotic duration after surgical decortication in pleural empyema.

Freudenberger DC, Scheese D, Wolfe LG, et al.

Journal of thoracic disease 2024; (16(6)):3873-3881 doi:10.21037/jtd-24-61.

Severe pneumonia with empyema due to multiple anaerobic infections: case report and literature review.

Yu F, Zhang X, Li Y, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2024; (11()):1435823 doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1435823.

Decortication with uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for empyema due to postoperative esophageal leakage: a report of two pediatric cases.

Goto Y, Ogata S, Shimizu H, et al.

Surgical case reports 2024; (10(1)):247 doi:10.1186/s40792-024-02049-8.

Outcome of Pleural Empyema Treated With Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Patients With Severe Co-Morbidities: An Observational Study.

Vu HA, Nguyen NV, Le TD, et al.

Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) 2025; (18()):87-96 doi:10.2147/MDER.S498901.

Validation of the RAPID score in a Danish population with pleural infection.

Hansen LY, Falster C, Bedawi E, et al.

Danish medical journal 2024; (71(8)) doi:10.61409/A01240071.

Approaching an Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion.

Laniado I, DeMaio A, Feller-Kopman D

Clinics in chest medicine 2025; (46(2)):217-226 doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2025.02.001.

Association between serial changes in serum C-reactive protein levels and mortality among patients with pleural empyema: a database research.

Shiroshita A, Takeshita M, Nishiuma T, et al.

BMC pulmonary medicine 2025; (25(1)):337 doi:10.1186/s12890-025-03799-3.

Outcomes of adult empyema thoracis cases managed in a tertiary hospital in Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.

Mwesige M, Otim P, Iranya RN, et al.

BMC pulmonary medicine 2025; (25(1)):365 doi:10.1186/s12890-025-03861-0.

Parapneumonic Effusion Versus Pulmonary Empyema in Children: Analysis of Risk Factors and Laboratory Predictors Through a Single Center Experience.

Improta M, Morlino F, Ragucci R, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (12(8)) doi:10.3390/children12081103.

Early Thoracotomy and Decortication in Pleural Empyema.

Kohli A, Bhende VV, Chaudhary A, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(10)):e93879 doi:10.7759/cureus.93879.

New insights into the management of complicated pneumonia in children: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Tzoni G, Dimopoulou A, Dimopoulou D

Journal of pediatric surgery 2025; (61(1)):162737 doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162737.

Role of Medical Interventions in Complicated Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion and Empyema.

Dawadi A, Dhungana A, Shrestha DK, et al.

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 2025; (23(2)):404-410 doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v23i02.4926.

C-reactive Protein Trends and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated for Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema.

Ferguson J

Cureus 2025; (17(12)):e98802 doi:10.7759/cureus.98802.