Research & Literature

Pituitary apoplexy: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.

Glezer A, Bronstein MD

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2015; (59(3)):259-64.

Electrolyte Imbalance in Patients with Sheehan's Syndrome.

Lim CH, Han JH, Jin J, et al.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2015; (30(4)):502-8 doi:10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.502.

Sheehan's syndrome in Xinjiang: Clinical characteristics and laboratory evaluation of 97 patients.

Du GL, Liu ZH, Chen M, et al.

Hormones (Athens, Greece) 2015; (14(4)):660-7 doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1624.

Post-partum hypoglycemia and hypothermia as first manifestations of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: A case report.

Koyama S, Okuno K, Naoi H, et al.

The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2016; (42(4)):467-70 doi:10.1111/jog.12930.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypopituitarism.

Kim SY

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2015; (30(4)):443-55 doi:10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.443.

Hypopituitarism.

Higham CE, Johannsson G, Shalet SM

Lancet (London, England) 2016; (388(10058)):2403-2415 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30053-8.

[Addison's disease : Primary adrenal insufficiency].

Pulzer A, Burger-Stritt S, Hahner S

Der Internist 2016; (57(5)):457-69 doi:10.1007/s00108-016-0054-6.

Four decades without diagnosis: Sheehan's syndrome, a retrospective analysis.

Gokalp D, Alpagat G, Tuzcu A, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2016; (32(11)):904-907 doi:10.1080/09513590.2016.1190331.

Sheehan syndrome.

Karaca Z, Laway BA, Dokmetas HS, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2016; (2()):16092 doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.92.

Psychosis as a late manifestation of Sheehan's syndrome.

Reddy MS, Nahar A, Thippeswamy H, Kumar CS

Asian journal of psychiatry 2017; (25()):228-230 doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.12.003.

Refractory hypotension induced by Sheehan syndrome with pituitary crisis: A case report.

Liang L, Liu JB, Chen FQ, et al.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2017; (13(5)):2097-2101 doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4188.

A case of acute Sheehan's syndrome and literature review: a rare but life-threatening complication of postpartum hemorrhage.

Matsuzaki S, Endo M, Ueda Y, et al.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2017; (17(1)):188 doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1380-y.

Total and free cortisol levels during 1 μg, 25 μg, and 250 μg cosyntropin stimulation tests compared to insulin tolerance test: results of a randomized, prospective, pilot study.

Peechakara S, Bena J, Clarke NJ, et al.

Endocrine 2017; (57(3)):388-393 doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1371-9.

Addison's disease concomitant with corticotropin deficiency and pituitary CRH resistance - a case report.

Lewandowski KC, Malicka K, Dąbrowska K, Lewiński A

Endokrynologia Polska 2017; (68(4)):468-471 doi:10.5603/EP.2017.0052.

Acute pituitary disease in pregnancy: how to handle hypophysitis and Sheehan's syndrome.

Honegger J, Giese S

Minerva endocrinologica 2018; (43(4)):465-475 doi:10.23736/S0391-1977.18.02814-6.

Other Pituitary Conditions and Pregnancy.

Chanson P

Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2019; (48(3)):583-603 doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.005.

Hypopituitarism other than sellar and parasellar tumors or traumatic brain injury assessed in a tertiary hospital.

Malik S, Kiran Z, Rashid MO, et al.

Pakistan journal of medical sciences 2019; (35(4)):1149-1154 doi:10.12669/pjms.35.4.174.

Perioperative management in a patient with panhypopituitarism - evidence based approach: a case report.

Raut MS, Kar S, Maheshwari A, et al.

European heart journal. Case reports 2019; (3(3)):ytz145 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz145.

Chronic Sheehan's Syndrome - A Differential to be Considered in Clinical Practice in Women with a History of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Jose M, Amir S, Desai R

Cureus 2019; (11(12)):e6290 doi:10.7759/cureus.6290.

Spontaneous Conception, Pericardial Effusion, and Pseudohypertrophic Myopathy Mimicking Muscular Dystrophy in Delayed Presentation of Sheehan Syndrome.

Boro H, Goyal A, Tandon N

Neurology India 2020; (68(1)):179-181 doi:10.4103/0028-3886.279696.

The Cut-off Limits of Growth Hormone Response to the Insulin Tolerance Test Related to Body Mass Index for the Diagnosis of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Gasco V, Ferrero A, Bisceglia A, et al.

Neuroendocrinology 2021; (111(5)):442-450 doi:10.1159/000508103.

Treatment-triggered onset and diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome in a multiple myeloma patient.

Bing X, Peifang L

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) 2019; (2(4)):e1171 doi:10.1002/cnr2.1171.

Knowledge and attitude of patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Bouziane T, Belmahi N, Salhi H, El Ouahabi H

Annals of African medicine 2020; (19(4)):252-257 doi:10.4103/aam.aam_63_19.

Sheehan Syndrome Presenting with Psychotic Manifestations Mimicking Schizophrenia in a Young Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

de Silva NL, Galhenage J, Dayabandara M, Somasundaram N

Case reports in endocrinology 2020; (2020()):8840938 doi:10.1155/2020/8840938.

Adrenal crisis precipitated by influenza A led to the diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome 18 years after postpartum hemorrhage.

Taniguchi J, Sugawara H, Yamada H, et al.

Clinical case reports 2020; (8(12)):3082-3087 doi:10.1002/ccr3.3355.

Pituitary haemorrhage and infarction: the spectrum of disease.

Iqbal F, Adams W, Dimitropoulos I, et al.

Endocrine connections 2021; (10(2)):171-179.

Perioperative glucocorticoid management based on current evidence.

Seo KH

Anesthesia and pain medicine 2021; (16(1)):8-15 doi:10.17085/apm.20089.

Hypopituitarism in a Dengue Shock Syndrome Survivor without known Pituitary Adenoma.

Lim LL, Shah FZM, Ibrahim L, et al.

Tropical biomedicine 2016; (33(4)):746-752.

Dynamic Expression of Imprinted Genes in the Developing and Postnatal Pituitary Gland.

Scagliotti V, Costa Fernandes Esse R, Willis TL, et al.

Genes 2021; (12(4)) doi:10.3390/genes12040509.

A Case of Sheehan Syndrome 7 Years Postpartum with Transaminitis and Hyperlipidemia.

Sadiq S, Chowdhury A

The American journal of case reports 2021; (22()):e930908 doi:10.12659/AJCR.930908.

Sexual Dysfunction in Sheehan Syndrome.

Mandal S, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2021; (27(12)):1212-1215 doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.07.013.

Bone and body composition analyses by DXA in adults with GH deficiency: effects of long-term replacement therapy.

Rossini A, Lanzi R, Galeone C, et al.

Endocrine 2021; (74(3)):666-675 doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02835-6.

Cardiomyopathy Associated With Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency Manifesting as Refractory Heart Failure, Shock, and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Case Report.

Wang X, Luo Y, Feng J

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 2021; (8()):720154 doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.720154.

A Rare Case of Sheehan Syndrome With Cardiac Tamponade.

Zain A, Sivakumar A, Akah O, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(4)):e24329 doi:10.7759/cureus.24329.

Inflammatory Factor Levels and Clinical Characteristics of Mental Disorders in Patients with Sheehan Syndrome.

Lu Y, Wei R, Li S, et al.

Alternative therapies in health and medicine 2023; (29(2)):218-223.

Sheehan syndrome: Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities.

Laway BA, Baba MS

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1086731 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1086731.

Myopathic syndrome revealing a rare condition: Sheehan syndrome, a case-based review.

Gradinaru E, Furculescu C, Trandafir A, et al.

Clinical rheumatology 2023; (42(6)):1705-1712 doi:10.1007/s10067-023-06535-6.

Clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of lymphocytic hypophysitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Ju JS, Cui T, Zhao J, et al.

Archives of medical science : AMS 2023; (19(4)):976-986 doi:10.5114/aoms/144628.

Sella Turcica Size in Women with Sheehan Syndrome-A Case-Control Study.

Laway BA, Sharma A, Choh NA, et al.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2023; (27(5)):431-435 doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_316_22.

Delayed Sheehan's syndrome diagnosed during the evaluation of secondary infertility: A case report.

Saxena S, Verma V, Samadarshi S, et al.

Clinical case reports 2024; (12(2)):e8521 doi:10.1002/ccr3.8521.

A Case Report of Sheehan Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Hypopituitarism.

Vasconcelos AL, Pinto Ribeiro R, Claúdio Ferreira P, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(2)):e53544 doi:10.7759/cureus.53544.

Hypopituitarism and bone disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Akirov A, Rudman Y, Fleseriu M

Pituitary 2024; (27(6)):778-788 doi:10.1007/s11102-024-01391-2.

Old woman with Sheehan's syndrome suffered severe hyponatremia following percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report and review of literature.

Gao J, Wang Y, Zhang A, et al.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 2024; (11()):1353392 doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1353392.

Sheehan's Syndrome in a Patient With Factor XI Deficiency.

Ghosh J, Dharamdasani S, Parthan G, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(6)):e62328 doi:10.7759/cureus.62328.

Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Function in Patients with Sheehan Syndrome - Combining the use of Insulin Tolerance Test and Copeptin Assay.

Laway BA, Bansiwal SK, Baba MS, Shah ZA

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2024; (28(3)):254-259 doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_489_23.

Peri-operative Replacement of Exogenous Steroids (PREdS): a national audit of current peri-operative prescribing for patients taking therapeutic steroids.

Barker OJH, Ramesh AV, Kangesan I, et al.

Anaesthesia 2024; (79(10)):1042-1052 doi:10.1111/anae.16388.

The Glucocorticoid Taper: A Primer for the Clinicians.

Priya G, Laway BA, Ayyagari M, et al.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2024; (28(4)):350-362 doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_410_23.

Treatment and Prevention of Adrenal Crisis and Family Education

Çamtosun E, Sangün Ö

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2025; (17(Suppl 1)):80-92 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-6-12-S.

Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality in Patients with Panhypopituitarism: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Park SS, Jeong H, Ahn CH, et al.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2025; (40(3)):469-483 doi:10.3803/EnM.2024.2176.

Postpartum pituitary necrosis and hypopituitarism, a sequela of severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy - a case report.

Ahmed M, Ahmed S

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2025; (75(2)):317-318 doi:10.47391/JPMA.20214.

Using the brain to heal the heart: A case discussion and review of panhypopituitarism-induced chronic heart and kidney failure.

Abate EG, Sharma S, Barsukova Y, Goswami R

JHLT open 2024; (5()):100111 doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2024.100111.

Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study.

Chua A, Yoeli H, Till D, et al.

Endocrine connections 2025; (14(5)).

Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review.

Vaidya A, Findling J, Bancos I

JAMA 2025; (334(8)):714-725 doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5485.

Acute Sheehan Syndrome With Distinctive Arginine Vasopressin Secretion and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

Minamoto Y, Sasai Y, Yamashita Y, et al.

JCEM case reports 2025; (3(8)):luaf134 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf134.

Increased levels of inflammatory markers and carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic patients with Sheehan syndrome without growth hormone replacement therapy.

Mir SA, Naik AA, Dar B, et al.

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2025; (69(3)):e240140 doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0140.

Lifting the Veil: Delayed Diagnosis of Sheehan Syndrome Unmasked by Adrenal Crisis.

Alkhafaji A, Govil D, Shaya F, Ather A

JCEM case reports 2025; (3(10)):luaf190 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf190.

Effect of Growth Hormone Therapy on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Hepatic Fat Content and Quality of Life in Patients with Sheehan's Syndrome.

Mir SA, Baba MS, Bhat JA, et al.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2025; (29(5)):562-566 doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_183_25.

Abnormal Blood Pressure Dipping Pattern in Women with Hypopituitarism Secondary to Sheehan Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Oueslati I, Salhi S, Talbi E, et al.

Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni 2025; (59(4)):450-455 doi:10.14744/SEMB.2025.45793.

Health-related quality of life in women with hypopituitarism secondary to Sheehan syndrome: assessment and development of a new clinical score.

Oueslati I, Chehaider C, Labaidh Y, et al.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders 2026; (25(1)):136 doi:10.1007/s40200-026-01950-3.