Research & Literature

Genetic test in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: An evolving story.

Marini F, Giusti F, Brandi ML

World journal of experimental medicine 2015; (5(2)):124-9 doi:10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.124.

Refractory diarrhea: A paraneoplastic syndrome of neuroblastoma.

Han W, Wang HM

World journal of gastroenterology 2015; (21(25)):7929-32 doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7929.

VIPoma with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 identified as an atypical gene mutation.

Fujiya A, Kato M, Shibata T, Sobajima H

BMJ case reports 2015; (2015()).

Prospective Study of 68Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Detecting Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Unknown Primary Sites.

Sadowski SM, Neychev V, Millo C, et al.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016; (34(6)):588-96 doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.64.0987.

Impact of Delay in Diagnosis in Outcomes in MEN1: Results From the Dutch MEN1 Study Group.

van Leeuwaarde RS, van Nesselrooij BP, Hermus AR, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2016; (101(3)):1159-65 doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3766.

Surgical resection of vasoactive intestinal peptideoma with hepatic metastasis aids symptom palliation: A case report.

Zhang X, Zhou L, Liu Y, et al.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2016; (11(3)):783-787 doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3019.

Ventricular fibrillation resulting from electrolyte imbalance reveals vipoma in MEN1 syndrome.

Cavalli T, Giudici F, Santi R, et al.

Familial cancer 2016; (15(4)):645-9 doi:10.1007/s10689-016-9906-4.

Secretory diarrhea and hypokalemia associated with colonic pseudo-obstruction: A case study and systematic analysis of the literature.

Bazerbachi F, Haffar S, Szarka LA, et al.

Neurogastroenterology and motility 2017; (29(11)) doi:10.1111/nmo.13120.

Persistent Hematologic Dysfunction after Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE: Incidence, Course, and Predicting Factors in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Bergsma H, van Lom K, Raaijmakers MHGP, et al.

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2018; (59(3)):452-458 doi:10.2967/jnumed.117.189712.

Expanded criteria for debulking of liver metastasis also apply to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Morgan RE, Pommier SJ, Pommier RF

Surgery 2018; (163(1)):218-225 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.05.030.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Lee DW, Kim MK, Kim HG

Clinical endoscopy 2017; (50(6)):537-545 doi:10.5946/ce.2017.131.

Prevention and management of carcinoid crises in patients with high-risk neuroendocrine tumours undergoing peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT): Literature review and case series from two Australian tertiary medical institutions.

Tapia Rico G, Li M, Pavlakis N, et al.

Cancer treatment reviews 2018; (66()):1-6 doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.03.002.

Myogenic oxidative imbalance interferes with antral motility in obese subjects.

Scirocco A, Pallotta L, Rengo M, et al.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2018; (50(8)):820-827 doi:10.1016/j.dld.2018.03.005.

Chemically induced inflammation and nerve damage affect the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) nervous structures in the descending colon of the domestic pig.

Makowska K

Neurogastroenterology and motility 2018; (30(11)):e13439 doi:10.1111/nmo.13439.

Perioperative Hypotensive Crisis in an Adolescent with a Pancreatic VIPoma and MEN1-Gene Variant.

Acosta-Gualandri A, Kao KT, Wong T, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2019; (91(4)):285-289 doi:10.1159/000493396.

Pancreatic VIPomas from China: Case reports and literature review.

Chen C, Zheng Z, Li B, et al.

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 2019; (19(1)):44-49 doi:10.1016/j.pan.2018.10.007.

Octreotide reverses shock due to vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting adrenal pheochromocytoma: A case report and review of literature.

Hu X, Cao W, Zhao M

World journal of clinical cases 2018; (6(14)):862-868 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.862.

Symptomatic and Radiological Response to 177Lu-DOTATATE for the Treatment of Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Zandee WT, Brabander T, Blažević A, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2019; (104(4)):1336-1344 doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01991.

Chronic Diarrhea Secondary to Newly Diagnosed VIPoma.

Farina DA, Krogh KM, Boike JR

Case reports in gastroenterology 2019; (13(1)):225-229 doi:10.1159/000494554.

Clinicopathological data and treatment modalities for pancreatic vipomas: a systematic review.

Schizas D, Mastoraki A, Bagias G, et al.

Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology 2019; (24(2)):415-423.

Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system.

Iwasaki M, Akiba Y, Kaunitz JD

F1000Research 2019; (8()) doi:10.12688/f1000research.18039.1.

Prevalence of Diagnostic Methods and Treatment Modalities in Vipoma Patients: A Rare Cause of Hormone-Mediated Diarrhea.

Amiri FS

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2019; (23(3)):318-325 doi:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_105_19.

Successful Treatment of Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis Caused by a Pancreatic VIPoma: A Case Report.

Ramirez S, Lytle M, Togores E, et al.

The American journal of case reports 2019; (20()):1723-1727 doi:10.12659/AJCR.918213.

Pathologic Considerations in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Bellizzi AM

Surgical oncology clinics of North America 2020; (29(2)):185-208 doi:10.1016/j.soc.2019.11.003.

Chronic Diarrhea in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis.

Burgers K, Lindberg B, Bevis ZJ

American family physician 2020; (101(8)):472-480.

Assessment of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors After Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: A Systematic Review.

Sonbol MB, Halfdanarson TR, Hilal T

JAMA oncology 2020; (6(7)):1086-1092 doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0078.

Percutaneous Cryoablation of Recurrent Pancreatic Mass for Life-Threatening Pancreatic VIPoma Syndrome: A Case Report.

Eng K, Wiseman D, Van Uum S, et al.

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2021; (44(1)):163-166 doi:10.1007/s00270-020-02630-2.

Understanding the Treatment Algorithm of Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis Comparing Outcomes of Chemotherapy, Molecular Targeted Therapy, and Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in 255 Patients.

Hayes AR, Mak IYF, Evans N, et al.

Neuroendocrinology 2021; (111(9)):863-875 doi:10.1159/000511662.

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience with 286 Patients.

Qu Y, Li H, Wang X, et al.

International journal of endocrinology 2020; (2020()):1030518 doi:10.1155/2020/1030518.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Clinicopathological features and pathological staging.

Lam AK, Ishida H

Histology and histopathology 2021; (36(4)):367-382 doi:10.14670/HH-18-288.

Laboratory Utilization and Analytical Validation of Fecal Electrolyte Tests.

Parakh R, Greene DN, Mathias PC, et al.

The journal of applied laboratory medicine 2017; (1(6)):668-677 doi:10.1373/jalm.2016.022590.

Frequency and Causes of False-Positive Elevated Plasma Concentrations of Fasting Gut Hormones in a Specialist Neuroendocrine Tumor Center.

Butler OL, Mekhael MM, Ahmed A, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2020; (11()):606264 doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.606264.

Case Report: Irreversible Watery Diarrhea, Severe Metabolic Acidosis, Hypokalemia and Achloridria Syndrome Related to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Secreting Malignant Pheochromocytoma.

Negro A, Verzicco I, Tedeschi S, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2021; (12()):652045 doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.652045.

Reconsideration of Clinicopathologic Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors for Better Determination of Adverse Prognosis.

Aysal A, Agalar C, Egeli T, et al.

Endocrine pathology 2021; (32(4)):461-472 doi:10.1007/s12022-021-09687-w.

Efficacy of treatments for VIPoma: A GTE multicentric series.

Brugel M, Walter T, Goichot B, et al.

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 2021; (21(8)):1531-1539 doi:10.1016/j.pan.2021.08.001.

Everolimus-induced somatostatin receptor overexpression in a rectal neuroendocrine tumor patient may promote somatostatin receptor-guided radionuclide therapy (peptide receptor radiotherapy) as an additional treatment option.

Mileva M, Wimana Z, Flamen P, Karfis I

World journal of nuclear medicine 2021; (20(3)):316-318 doi:10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_120_20.

Predictors of disease recurrence after curative surgery for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-PanNENs): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Andreasi V, Ricci C, Partelli S, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2022; (45(4)):705-718 doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01705-2.

Surgical treatment of metastatic VIPoma: a case report.

Azizian A, König A, Hartmann A, et al.

Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology 2021; (14()):17562848211051132 doi:10.1177/17562848211051132.

The Importance of Periodical Screening for Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Pituitary Tumor Cohort in Searching Patients With MEN1 and Its Genetic Profile.

Damianse SSP, Nascimento GC, Rocha VCC, et al.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2022; (28(5)):509-514 doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.010.

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Rindi G, Mete O, Uccella S, et al.

Endocrine pathology 2022; (33(1)):115-154 doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09708-2.

Congenital disorders of intestinal digestion and absorption (sugars, proteins, lipids, ions).

Peretti N, Mas E

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology 2022; (56-57()):101785 doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2022.101785.

Surgery in Patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, Neuroendocrine Tumors G3 and High Grade Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Holmager P, Langer SW, Kjaer A, et al.

Current treatment options in oncology 2022; (23(6)):806-817 doi:10.1007/s11864-022-00969-x.

ACR-ACNM-ASTRO-SNMMI Practice Parameter for Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) DOTATATE Therapy.

Love C, Desai NB, Abraham T, et al.

Clinical nuclear medicine 2022; (47(6)):503-511 doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000004182.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumour: An overview.

Una Cidon E

World journal of gastrointestinal oncology 2022; (14(4)):808-819 doi:10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.808.

Treatment options of metastatic and nonmetastatic VIPoma: a review.

Azizian A, König A, Ghadimi M

Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2022; (407(7)):2629-2636 doi:10.1007/s00423-022-02620-7.

Metastatic mixed VIPoma/PPoma-induced diarrhoea causing renal failure.

Brown G, Monaghan AM, Fristedt R, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2022; (2022()).

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumor as the Cause of Persistent Diarrhea: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Lopes S, Alves M, Rodrigues P

Cureus 2022; (14(9)):e29130 doi:10.7759/cureus.29130.

A case of vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumor (VIPoma) arising from MEN1 inactivation which recurred 15 years after the initial resection.

Sakurai M, Wakabayashi T, Kondo Y, et al.

Endocrine journal 2023; (70(6)):573-579 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0578.

Recurrent primary hepatic VIPoma treated with a combination of surgical resection and loco-regional therapy.

Dahmani W, Nasr S, Maalel K, et al.

Future science OA 2023; (9(1)):FSO836 doi:10.2144/fsoa-2022-0046.

Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography.

Said M, Krogh J, Feldt-Rasmussen U, et al.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2023; (35(8)):e13322 doi:10.1111/jne.13322.

European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes.

Hofland J, Falconi M, Christ E, et al.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2023; (35(8)):e13318 doi:10.1111/jne.13318.

Pancreatic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Tumor as a Rare Cause of Acute Diarrhea and Severe Hypokalemia.

Giampatzis V, Kotsiari C, Bostantzis P, et al.

Journal of medical cases 2023; (14(9-10)):307-316 doi:10.14740/jmc4141.

Chronic Diarrhea Caused by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Secreting Tumor.

Belei O, Basaca DG, Heredea ER, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (13(10)) doi:10.3390/life13101974.

All you need to know about VIPoma: Review on the latest studies.

Karele EN

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2024; (53(2)):104222 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104222.

Interference With VIP to Distinguish Between Real and False VIPoma: National Study From the French Endocrine Tumors Group.

Chevalier B, Bonnet D, Lepage C, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2024; (8(7)):bvae102 doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae102.

Efficacy of Racecadotril in a Patient Affected by a Therapy-Refractory VIPoma and Carcinoid Syndrome.

Boesenkoetter J, Ellrichmann I, Konukiewitz B, et al.

JCEM case reports 2024; (2(10)):luae177 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae177.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide promotes secretory differentiation and mitigates radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Agibalova T, Hempel A, Maurer HC, et al.

Stem cell research & therapy 2024; (15(1)):348 doi:10.1186/s13287-024-03958-z.

VIPoma: An Unusual Cause of Chronic Diarrhea.

Suteetorn S, Kitisin K, Wanpiyarat N, et al.

Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 2024; (67(2)):64-68 doi:10.14712/18059694.2024.22.

Case report: Resolution of VIPoma-related symptoms with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

Cengiz TB, Kulkarni R, Corbett V, et al.

Frontiers in oncology 2024; (14()):1432758 doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1432758.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): recommendations and guidelines for best practice.

Brandi ML, Pieterman CRC, English KA, et al.

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology 2025; (13(8)):699-721 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00119-6.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Facilitating Debulking Surgery in Metastatic VIPoma with Severe Diarrhea and Hypovolemic Shock.

Wahab A, Raman P, Koshy M, Chen Y

The American journal of case reports 2025; (26()):e949041 doi:10.12659/AJCR.949041.

Outcomes of 68Ga-NODAGA-Exendin-4 PET/CT Guided Surgical Management of Insulinomas in MEN1: A Preliminary Study.

Ambulkar KS, Shah R, Lila A, et al.

Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine 2025; (64(5)):301-307 doi:10.1055/a-2694-8248.

Severe Idiopathic Secretory Diarrhoea With a Profound Sustained Response to Somatostatin Analogues: A Case Report.

Gandy G, Prudence AJA, Levy MT

Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine 2025; (2025()):7006260 doi:10.1155/crgm/7006260.

The Paradox of Grade 2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: G2a/G2b Subdivision in Patients With and Without Liver Metastases: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis.

Podrascanin V, Ammann M, Gudmundsdottir H, et al.

Annals of surgical oncology 2026; (33(4)):3425-3434 doi:10.1245/s10434-025-18887-1.

Elevated vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations poorly predict VIPoma.

Korleski J, Ospina Velasquez LE, Bornhorst J, et al.

Endocrine-related cancer 2026; (33(1)).

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Follow-Up of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

, Yacoub JH, Yano M, et al.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 2026; (23(7)):1445-1461 doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2026.02.012.

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Panda A, Itani M, Mhlanga J, et al.

Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR 2026; (47(3-4)):149-164 doi:10.1053/j.sult.2026.06.001.

Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with VIPoma-A retrospective analysis of the ENETS database.

Bartsch DK, Mais L, de Mestier L, et al.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2026; (38(7)):e70219 doi:10.1111/jne.70219.

Severe hypokalaemia and secretory diarrhoea secondary to a vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumour (VIPoma).

Stafl L, Ruzycki S, Kline G, Lithgow K

BMJ case reports 2026; (19(7)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2026-274867.

How Disease Progression Changes Operative Thresholds in MEN1: A Case-Based Management Review.

Jomy A, Logarajah S, Abraham A, et al.

The American surgeon 2026; 31348261480819 doi:10.1177/00031348261480819.