Research & Literature

Parkinson's Disease and Its Management: Part 3: Nondopaminergic and Nonpharmacological Treatment Options.

DeMaagd G, Philip A

P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management 2015; (40(10)):668-79.

Onset-related subtypes of Parkinson's disease differ in the patterns of striatal dopaminergic dysfunction: A positron emission tomography study.

Liu SY, Wu JJ, Zhao J, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2015; (21(12)):1448-53.

Impulse control disorders and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: an update.

Voon V, Napier TC, Frank MJ, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2017; (16(3)):238-250 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30004-2.

Survival and Causes of Death Among People With Clinically Diagnosed Synucleinopathies With Parkinsonism: A Population-Based Study.

Savica R, Grossardt BR, Bower JH, et al.

JAMA neurology 2017; (74(7)):839-846 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0603.

[Predictors and modifiers of impulse control disorders in Parkinson`s disease].

Sapronova MR, Shnayder NA

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2016; (116(11)):145-156 doi:10.17116/jnevro2016116111145-156.

Earlier Intervention with Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.

Suarez-Cedeno G, Suescun J, Schiess MC

Parkinson's disease 2017; (2017()):9358153 doi:10.1155/2017/9358153.

Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease and coaggregation with neuropsychiatric diseases: a population-based cohort study.

Liu FC, Lin HT, Kuo CF, et al.

Clinical epidemiology 2018; (10()):631-641 doi:10.2147/CLEP.S164330.

Adjunct rasagiline to treat Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations: a randomized, double-blind study in China.

Zhang Z, Shao M, Chen S, et al.

Translational neurodegeneration 2018; (7()):14 doi:10.1186/s40035-018-0119-7.

Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain stimulation in early Parkinson disease.

Schuepbach WMM, Tonder L, Schnitzler A, et al.

Neurology 2019; (92(10)):e1109-e1120 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000007037.

The effect of dopamine on response inhibition in Parkinson's disease relates to age-dependent patterns of nigrostriatal degeneration.

Kübler D, Schroll H, Hamker FH, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2019; (63()):185-190 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.02.003.

Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease.

Limousin P, Foltynie T

Nature reviews. Neurology 2019; (15(4)):234-242 doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0145-9.

Investigation of the Treatment and Living Assistance Needed by Patients with Young-Onset Parkinson's Disease.

Iwasa Y, Saito I, Fujii C

The Kobe journal of medical sciences 2019; (64(5)):E180-E188.

Predictors of health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease.

Kuhlman GD, Flanigan JL, Sperling SA, Barrett MJ

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2019; (65()):86-90 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.009.

Young-onset Parkinson's disease: Its unique features and their impact on quality of life.

Mehanna R, Jankovic J

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2019; (65()):39-48 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.06.001.

Non-motor symptoms burden, mood, and gait problems are the most significant factors contributing to a poor quality of life in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: Results from the COPPADIS Study Cohort.

Santos García D, de Deus Fonticoba T, Suárez Castro E, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2019; (66()):151-157 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.07.031.

Precision medicine in Parkinson's disease: emerging treatments for genetic Parkinson's disease.

Schneider SA, Alcalay RN

Journal of neurology 2020; (267(3)):860-869 doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09705-7.

Predictors of Levo-dopa induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease.

Athulya RT, Jayakrishnan S, Iype T, et al.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2020; (23(1)):44-47 doi:10.4103/aian.AIAN_460_18.

Initiation of pharmacological therapy in Parkinson's disease: when, why, and how.

de Bie RMA, Clarke CE, Espay AJ, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2020; (19(5)):452-461 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30036-3.

Management of Parkinson's Disease During Pregnancy: Literature Review and Multidisciplinary Input.

Young C, Phillips R, Ebenezer L, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2020; (7(4)):419-430 doi:10.1002/mdc3.12925.

Age-dependent efficacy of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in young- and late-onset Parkinson's disease based on a 10 year follow-up.

Kim MS, Ryu HS, Park KW, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2020; (416()):117004 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117004.

Suicide and suicide attempts after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xu Y, Yang B, Zhou C, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2021; (42(1)):267-274 doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04555-7.

Young Onset Parkinson's Disease: A Modern and Tailored Approach.

Post B, van den Heuvel L, van Prooije T, et al.

Journal of Parkinson's disease 2020; (10(s1)):S29-S36 doi:10.3233/JPD-202135.

Comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis.

Binde CD, Tvete IF, Gåsemyr JI, et al.

European journal of clinical pharmacology 2020; (76(12)):1731-1743 doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02961-6.

Interpretation of health-related quality of life outcomes in Parkinson's disease from the EARLYSTIM Study.

Martinez-Martin P, Deuschl G, Tonder L, et al.

PloS one 2020; (15(8)):e0237498 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237498.

Rare and novel variants of PRKN and PINK1 genes in Vietnamese patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Ton ND, Thuan ND, Thuong MTH, et al.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2020; (8(10)):e1463 doi:10.1002/mgg3.1463.

A genetic analysis of a Spanish population with early onset Parkinson's disease.

Cristina TP, Pablo M, Teresa PM, et al.

PloS one 2020; (15(9)):e0238098 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238098.

Analysis of Heterozygous PRKN Variants and Copy-Number Variations in Parkinson's Disease.

Yu E, Rudakou U, Krohn L, et al.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2021; (36(1)):178-187 doi:10.1002/mds.28299.

Parkinsonism in children: Clinical classification and etiological spectrum.

Leuzzi V, Nardecchia F, Pons R, Galosi S

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2021; (82()):150-157 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.002.

Does the Country Make a Difference in Impulse Control Disorders? A Systematic Review.

Parra-Díaz P, Chico-García JL, Beltrán-Corbellini Á, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2021; (8(1)):25-32 doi:10.1002/mdc3.13128.

Clinical Study of 668 Indian Subjects with Juvenile, Young, and Early Onset Parkinson's Disease.

Kukkle PL, Goyal V, Geetha TS, et al.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2022; (49(1)):93-101 doi:10.1017/cjn.2021.40.

α-Synuclein Deposition in Sympathetic Nerve Fibers in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease.

Isonaka R, Goldstein DS, Zhu W, et al.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2021; (36(10)):2346-2357 doi:10.1002/mds.28667.

Long-term Outcomes (15 Years) After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Bove F, Mulas D, Cavallieri F, et al.

Neurology 2021; (97(3)):e254-e262 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012246.

Atypical, Early-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism with Oculogyric Crises and Anterior Horn Cell Disorder Due to a Novel DJ-1 Mutation.

Desai K, Agrawal S, Walzade P, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2021; (8(Suppl 1)):S16-S18 doi:10.1002/mdc3.13282.

Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.

Rascol O, Fabbri M, Poewe W

The Lancet. Neurology 2021; (20(12)):1048-1056 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00249-0.

The effect of Non-Motor symptoms on Health-Related quality of life in patients with young onset Parkinson's Disease: A single center Vietnamese Cross-Sectional study.

Tran TN, Ha UNL, Nguyen TM, et al.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders 2021; (5()):100118 doi:10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100118.

Deep Brain Stimulation and Treatment Outcomes of Young- and Late-Onset (≤55 Years) Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study.

Camerucci E, Stang CD, Turcano P, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2021; (12()):784398 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.784398.

The Contribution of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation to the Improvement in Motor Functions and Quality of Life.

Tödt I, Al-Fatly B, Granert O, et al.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2022; (37(2)):291-301 doi:10.1002/mds.28952.

Age Cutoff for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease.

Mehanna R, Smilowska K, Fleisher J, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2022; (9(7)):869-878 doi:10.1002/mdc3.13523.

A multicenter study of genetic testing for Parkinson's disease in the clinical setting.

Kovanda A, Rački V, Bergant G, et al.

NPJ Parkinson's disease 2022; (8(1)):149 doi:10.1038/s41531-022-00408-6.

Screening for impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease and dopamine agonist use: a study of pharmacokinetic and psychological risk factors.

Contin M, Lopane G, Marini L, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2023; (44(2)):565-572 doi:10.1007/s10072-022-06485-y.

Subtyping of early-onset Parkinson's disease using cluster analysis: A large cohort study.

Zhou Z, Zhou X, Xiang Y, et al.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2022; (14()):1040293 doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1040293.

Relevance of Fluorodopa PET Scan in Dopamine Responsive Dystonia and Juvenile Parkinsonism: A Systematic Review.

Moncayo JA, Vargas M, Ortiz JF, et al.

Neurology international 2022; (14(4)):997-1006 doi:10.3390/neurolint14040079.

Eleven-Year Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Early-Stage Parkinson Disease.

Hacker ML, Meystedt JC, Turchan M, et al.

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 2023; (26(2)):451-458 doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.10.051.

Clinical determinants of apathy and its impact on health-related quality of life in early Parkinson disease.

Choi SM, Cho SH, Choe Y, Kim BC

Medicine 2023; (102(2)):e32674 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032674.

Pediatric-Onset Epilepsy and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies Followed by Early-Onset Parkinsonism.

Spagnoli C, Fusco C, Pisani F

International journal of molecular sciences 2023; (24(4)) doi:10.3390/ijms24043796.

A homozygous PRKN-associated juvenile Parkinson's disease with pregnancy in China.

Li HX, Dong M, Peng XX, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2023; (14()):1103164 doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1103164.

Genetic Movement Disorders Commonly Seen in Asians.

Jagota P, Lim SY, Pal PK, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2023; (10(6)):878-895 doi:10.1002/mdc3.13737.

40-Year Incidence of Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in Southeast Minnesota.

Camerucci E, Mullan AF, Turcano P, et al.

Journal of Parkinson's disease 2023; (13(6)):893-898 doi:10.3233/JPD-230049.

Cognitive impairment and dementia in young onset Parkinson's disease.

Santos-García D, de Deus Fonticoba T, Cores Bartolomé C, et al.

Journal of neurology 2023; (270(12)):5793-5812 doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11921-w.

Comparison of UPDRS III score between young and late onset Parkinson disease after deep brain stimulation: A meta-analysis.

Lee JM, Pak K

Medicine 2023; (102(44)):e35861 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035861.

Dopamine agonist serum concentrations and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease.

Staubo SC, Fuskevåg OM, Toft M, et al.

European journal of neurology 2024; (31(2)):e16144 doi:10.1111/ene.16144.

Tau in Atypical Parkinsonisms: A Meta-Analysis of in Vivo PET Imaging Findings.

Mena AM, Chen R, Graff-Guerrero A, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2023; (10(12)):1725-1737 doi:10.1002/mdc3.13885.

Effects of STN-DBS on cognition and mood in young-onset Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow-up.

Hong J, Xie H, Chen Y, et al.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2023; (15()):1177889 doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1177889.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in PRKN-associated Parkinson's disease.

Menon PJ, Sambin S, Criniere-Boizet B, et al.

NPJ Parkinson's disease 2024; (10(1)):72 doi:10.1038/s41531-024-00677-3.

Long-Term Medication Profiles in Parkinson's Disease under Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: A Controlled Study.

Theyer C, Beliveau V, Krismer F, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2024; (11(7)):855-860 doi:10.1002/mdc3.14065.

Global prevalence and incidence of Young Onset Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nabizadeh F, Seyedmirzaei H, Rafiei N, et al.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2024; (125()):59-67 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2024.05.015.

Epidemiology of early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) worldwide: East versus west.

Mai AS, Deng X, Tan EK

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2024; (129()):107126 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107126.

Genetic heterogeneity of early onset Parkinson disease: The dilemma of clinico-genetic correlation.

Rajan R, Holla VV, Kamble N, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2024; (129()):107146 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107146.

Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Functional Capacity and Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Barbieri RA, Barbieri FA, Zelada-Astudillo N, et al.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 2025; (106(1)):134-144 doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.09.013.

Genetic architecture of a single cohort of 230 Indian Parkinson's Disease patients.

Kamath SD, Phulpagar P, Holla VV, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2024; (129()):107157 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107157.

Is the Swallow Tail Sign a Useful Imaging Biomarker in Clinical Neurology? A Systematic Review.

Tseriotis VS, Eleftheriadou K, Mavridis T, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2025; (12(2)):134-147 doi:10.1002/mdc3.14304.

"A young person in an old person's body": a reflexive thematic analysis of the experience of living with young onset Parkinson's disease.

Cullen E, Eccles FJR, Byrne G, et al.

Disability and rehabilitation 2025; (47(16)):4159-4167 doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2444481.

A PARK7 Mutation-Induced Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in a Moroccan Family: Expanding the Geographic Spectrum.

El Otmani H, Tesson C, Brice A, Lesage S

Movement disorders clinical practice 2025; (12(5)):648-652 doi:10.1002/mdc3.14339.

Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS): long-term disease evaluation and neuropsychological outcomes in a 9-year matched-controlled study.

Cabrera-Montes J, Sanz-Arranz A, Hernandez-Vicente J, Lara-Almunia M

Neurosurgical review 2025; (48(1)):74.

Rethinking 'rare' PINK1 Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of geographical prevalence, phenotypic diversity, and α-synuclein pathology.

Yin EP, Dieriks BV

Journal of Parkinson's disease 2025; (15(1)):41-65 doi:10.1177/1877718X241304814.

Diagnostic work up when suspecting early onset Parkinson disease (EOPD). Recommendations from the MDS EOPD study group.

Mehanna R, Marras C, Fleisher J, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2025; (135()):107852 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107852.

Impulse Control Disorders in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia on Dopamine Agonist Therapy-How Concerned Should We Be?

Daftari G, Tritos NA

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2025; (31(7)):938-945 doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.018.

Clinical Profile and Genetic Composition of Patients With Juvenile Parkinsonism From a Single Tertiary Care Center in India.

Farsana MK, Holla VV, Phulpagar P, et al.

Journal of movement disorders 2026; (19(1)):19-30 doi:10.14802/jmd.25132.

The Management of Parkinson's Disease Before, during and after Pregnancy-an MDS Scientific Issues Committee Review.

Lehn AC, Lee JY, Sciacca G, et al.

Movement disorders clinical practice 2025; doi:10.1002/mdc3.70289.

Global burden of early-onset Parkinson's disease, 1990-2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Ji Q, Chen Z, Ma Y, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2025; (97(1)):33-43 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2024-335535.

Analysis of National Sample Cohort From Korea for Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Parkinson's Disease According to Time of Onset.

Lee SH, Bae J, Jang JW, et al.

Journal of Korean medical science 2025; (40(38)):e252 doi:10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e252.

Case Report: Practical approach to differentiating juvenile parkinsonism of genetic cause and drug-induced parkinsonism in adolescents: a case series and literature review.

Grigore I, Butnariu LI, Schreiner TG, et al.

Frontiers in genetics 2025; (16()):1672445 doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1672445.

[Parkinson's Disease and Pregnancy. Resolution of The National Society for the Study of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders].

Bril EV, Turgunkhujaev OE, Dudchenko NG, et al.

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2025; (125(11. Vyp. 2)):55-60 doi:10.17116/jnevro202512511255.

Can Parkinsonism be a solitary manifestation of Wilson's Disease?

Salari M, Hojjatipour F, Rezaei K, Etemadifar M

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders 2025; (13()):100402 doi:10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100402.

Autonomic Dysfunction and Risk of Mortality in Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease.

Piat C, Mullan AF, Ghoniem K, et al.

Annals of neurology 2026; (99(4)):964-975 doi:10.1002/ana.78143.

Rapid health technology assessment of six non-ergot dopamine-receptor agonists for the treatment of early Parkinson's disease.

Lv J, Fu H, Zhou Y, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2025; (16()):1648833 doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1648833.

Quality of life in early-onset Parkinson's disease: A multivariate examination of psychosocial and demographic correlates.

McDaniels B, Choi H, Kim BJ, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2026; (143()):108174 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.108174.