Research & Literature

Patients with lymphatic malformations who receive the immunostimulant OK-432 experience excellent long-term outcomes.

Ghaffarpour N, Petrini B, Svensson LA, et al.

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2015; (104(11)):1169-73 doi:10.1111/apa.13086.

Airway response to sirolimus therapy for the treatment of complex pediatric lymphatic malformations.

Alemi AS, Rosbe KW, Chan DK, Meyer AK

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2015; (79(12)):2466-9.

Spontaneous resolution of a recurrent axillary cystic hygroma following acute infection.

Gan RW, Chauhan K, Singh S

BMJ case reports 2015; (2015()).

Ultrasonic findings of fetal axillary lymphangioma with intralesional hemorrhage.

Furue A, Mochizuki J, Onishi Y, et al.

Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001) 2016; (43(2)):285-9 doi:10.1007/s10396-015-0695-4.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly, Kaposiform Lymphangiomatosis, and Gorham-Stout Disease.

Ozeki M, Fujino A, Matsuoka K, et al.

Pediatric blood & cancer 2016; (63(5)):832-8 doi:10.1002/pbc.25914.

Pediatric lymphatic malformations: evolving understanding and therapeutic options.

Defnet AM, Bagrodia N, Hernandez SL, et al.

Pediatric surgery international 2016; (32(5)):425-33 doi:10.1007/s00383-016-3867-4.

[Oral angiomas].

Lorette G, Goga D, Le Touze A, et al.

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2016; (45(2)):251-7.

Infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages in infected lymphatic malformations: possible role in disease progression.

Zhang W, He KF, Yang JG, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2016; (175(1)):102-12 doi:10.1111/bjd.14471.

Low-Flow Vascular Malformation Pitfalls: From Clinical Examination to Practical Imaging Evaluation--Part 1, Lymphatic Malformation Mimickers.

White CL, Olivieri B, Restrepo R, et al.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2016; (206(5)):940-51 doi:10.2214/AJR.15.15793.

Somatic activating mutations in Pik3ca cause sporadic venous malformations in mice and humans.

Castillo SD, Tzouanacou E, Zaw-Thin M, et al.

Science translational medicine 2016; (8(332)):332ra43 doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9982.

Oral sildenafil as a treatment option for lymphatic malformations in PIK3CA-related tissue overgrowth syndromes.

Horbach SE, Jolink F, van der Horst CM

Dermatologic therapy 2016; (29(6)):466-469 doi:10.1111/dth.12398.

Treatment of cystic hygroma in a young infant through multidisciplinary approach involving sirolimus, sclerotherapy, and debulking surgery.

Azouz H, Salah H, Al-Ajlan S, Badran M

JAAD case reports 2016; (2(4)):350-3 doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.05.019.

Treatment of deep-seated facial microcystic lymphatic malformations with intralesional injection of pingyangmycin.

Wu HW, Wang X, Zheng JW, et al.

Medicine 2016; (95(37)):e4790 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004790.

Airway obstruction caused by rapid enlargement of cervical lymphangioma in a five-month-old boy.

Shimizu J, Taga T, Kishimoto T, et al.

Clinical case reports 2016; (4(9)):896-8 doi:10.1002/ccr3.659.

An 8-year population description from a national treatment centre on lymphatic malformations.

Eliasson JJ, Weiss I, Høgevold HE, et al.

Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery 2017; (51(4)):280-285 doi:10.1080/2000656X.2016.1254092.

Role of follow-up imaging after resection of brain arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: a systematic review of the literature.

Jimenez JE, Gersey ZC, Wagner J, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2017; (19(2)):149-156 doi:10.3171/2016.9.PEDS16235.

Mosaicism in health and disease - clones picking up speed.

Forsberg LA, Gisselsson D, Dumanski JP

Nature reviews. Genetics 2017; (18(2)):128-142 doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.145.

Case report of a chest wall cystic hygroma in a teenager.

Aimanan K, Putera MP, Chew LG, et al.

The Medical journal of Malaysia 2016; (71(5)):292-293.

Emergent sclerotherapy of a newborn with expanding lymphatic malformation causing respiratory distress.

Sheehan CC, Idicula W, Raabe A, et al.

Radiology case reports 2017; (12(2)):409-412 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2017.01.003.

Clinical and sonographic features of pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies part 2: vascular malformations.

Johnson CM, Navarro OM

Pediatric radiology 2017; (47(9)):1196-1208 doi:10.1007/s00247-017-3906-x.

A Rare Cause of Dyspnea: Cervicothoracic Cystic Lymphangioma.

Jo MS, Jeong JY

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2017; (28(7)):e706-e707 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000003904.

Cystic hygroma of the neck: single center experience and literature review.

Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Manousi M, et al.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2017; (21(21)):4918-4923.

Mosaicism in Cutaneous Disorders.

Lim YH, Moscato Z, Choate KA

Annual review of genetics 2017; (51()):123-141 doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-121415-121955.

Congenital Vascular Tumors.

Goss JA, Greene AK

Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2018; (51(1)):89-97 doi:10.1016/j.otc.2017.09.008.

PI3K/mTOR inhibition promotes the regression of experimental vascular malformations driven by PIK3CA-activating mutations.

di Blasio L, Puliafito A, Gagliardi PA, et al.

Cell death & disease 2018; (9(2)):45 doi:10.1038/s41419-017-0064-x.

Vascular malformations: classification, diagnosis and treatment.

Carqueja IM, Sousa J, Mansilha A

International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2018; (37(2)):127-142 doi:10.23736/S0392-9590.18.03961-5.

Thirty-day perioperative outcomes in resection of cervical lymphatic malformations.

Khanwalkar A, Carter J, Bhushan B, et al.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2018; (106()):31-34 doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.12.034.

Small bowel lymphangioma causing ileo-ileal intussusception in adults.

Khan K, Kleess L, Ganga R, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2017; (41()):469-472 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.033.

Treatment of giant cervico-mediastinal lymphatic malformations: a case series.

Nam SH, Kwon KA

Journal of medical case reports 2018; (12(1)):167 doi:10.1186/s13256-018-1705-0.

Congenital superior caval vein aneurysm in a newborn with cystic lymphangioma: a rare case report.

Attene J, Casorelli E, Versacci P

Cardiology in the young 2018; (28(8)):1067-1069 doi:10.1017/S1047951118000823.

A rare case of orbital lymphangioma with persistent fetal vasculature and extraorbital vascular malformations treated with intralesional bleomycin.

Hada M, Upadhyay A, Khilnani K, Shekhawat N

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2018; (22(6)):471-473.e1 doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.04.010.

Management of Complex Arteriovenous Malformations Using a Novel Combination Therapeutic Algorithm.

Chelliah MP, Do HM, Zinn Z, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2018; (154(11)):1316-1319 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3039.

Somatic mosaicism and neurodevelopmental disease.

D'Gama AM, Walsh CA

Nature neuroscience 2018; (21(11)):1504-1514 doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0257-3.

A somatic activating NRAS variant associated with kaposiform lymphangiomatosis.

Barclay SF, Inman KW, Luks VL, et al.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2019; (21(7)):1517-1524 doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0390-0.

Somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA cause generalized lymphatic anomaly.

Rodriguez-Laguna L, Agra N, Ibañez K, et al.

The Journal of experimental medicine 2019; (216(2)):407-418 doi:10.1084/jem.20181353.

Indications for tracheostomy in children with head and neck lymphatic malformation: analysis of a nationwide survey in Japan.

Ueno S, Fujino A, Morikawa Y, et al.

Surgery today 2019; (49(5)):410-419 doi:10.1007/s00595-018-1755-3.

CLAPO syndrome: Effective response to treatment with oral rapamycin.

González-Hermosa MR, Guerra E, Tuduri I, et al.

Dermatologic therapy 2019; (32(4)):e12991 doi:10.1111/dth.12991.

Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly and Gorham-Stout Disease: Overview and Recent Insights.

Ozeki M, Fukao T

Advances in wound care 2019; (8(6)):230-245 doi:10.1089/wound.2018.0850.

[Diagnosis and management of vascular malformations : Interdisciplinary teamwork in demand].

Evert K, Kühnel T, Weiß KT, et al.

Der Pathologe 2019; (40(4)):422-430 doi:10.1007/s00292-019-0625-0.

Outcome measurement instruments for peripheral vascular malformations and an assessment of the measurement properties: a systematic review.

Horbach SER, Rongen APM, Elbers RG, et al.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation 2020; (29(1)):1-17 doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02301-x.

Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in the treatment of vascular anomalies: A systematic review.

Freixo C, Ferreira V, Martins J, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2020; (71(1)):318-327 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.217.

Prenatal diagnosis of intraconal lymphatic malformation on fetal magnetic resonance imaging.

Cheung CSY, Yang E, Robertson RL, Mantagos IS

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2020; (24(2)):113-115 doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.12.005.

Vaginal discharge caused by lymphatic malformation identified by lymphoscintigraphy combined with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Tang G

Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques 2020; (6(1)):1-5 doi:10.1016/j.jvscit.2019.10.003.

Constitutively active PIK3CA mutations are expressed by lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells in capillary lymphatic venous malformation.

Le Cras TD, Goines J, Lakes N, et al.

Angiogenesis 2020; (23(3)):425-442 doi:10.1007/s10456-020-09722-0.

[Cystic fibrosis and computed tomography of the lungs].

Bischoff A, Weinheimer O, Eichinger M, et al.

Der Radiologe 2020; (60(9)):791-801 doi:10.1007/s00117-020-00713-2.

A six-attribute classification of genetic mosaicism.

Martínez-Glez V, Tenorio J, Nevado J, et al.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2020; (22(11)):1743-1757 doi:10.1038/s41436-020-0877-3.

PIK3CA vascular overgrowth syndromes: an update.

Hughes M, Hao M, Luu M

Current opinion in pediatrics 2020; (32(4)):539-546 doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000923.

An integrated multidisciplinary team approach to the management of vascular anomalies: challenges and benefits.

Sires JD, Williams N, Huilgol SC, et al.

Pediatric surgery international 2020; (36(10)):1149-1156 doi:10.1007/s00383-020-04727-8.

The Role of Interventional Radiologists in the Treatment of Congenital Lymphatic Malformations.

Cronan J, Gill AE, Shah JH, Hawkins CM

Seminars in interventional radiology 2020; (37(3)):285-294 doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713446.

Early Adjuvant Medication With the mTOR Inhibitor Sirolimus in a Preterm Neonate With Compressive Cystic Lymphatic Malformation.

Honnorat M, Viremouneix L, Ayari S, et al.

Frontiers in pediatrics 2020; (8()):418 doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00418.

An Exploration of Multidisciplinary Team Care With Digital Technology for Complicated Cranio-Maxillofacial Bone Defects and Fractures.

Liu Y, Wang Y, He X, et al.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2020; (31(7)):1914-1919 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000006674.

Lymphatic malformations.

Kulungowski AM, Patel M

Seminars in pediatric surgery 2020; (29(5)):150971 doi:10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150971.

Active Observation as an Alternative to Invasive Treatments for Pediatric Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations.

Bonilla-Velez J, Whitlock KB, Ganti S, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2021; (131(6)):1392-1397 doi:10.1002/lary.29180.

A Case of Lymphangiomatosis With Infected Lymphangiomas Effectively Treated by Thoracoscopic Debridement and Drainage.

Minakata T, Suzuki T, Kamio Y, et al.

Chest 2020; (158(5)):e221-e224 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.048.

Contemporary Management of Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck-Part 1: Vascular Malformations: A Review.

Gallant SC, Chewning RH, Orbach DB, et al.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2021; (147(2)):197-206 doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.4353.

Characterization and Childhood Tumor Risk Assessment of Genetic and Epigenetic Syndromes Associated With Lateralized Overgrowth.

Griff JR, Duffy KA, Kalish JM

Frontiers in pediatrics 2020; (8()):613260 doi:10.3389/fped.2020.613260.

Lymphatic and Mixed Malformations.

Hathaway BA, Radu S, Wilson J, Nauta AC

Lymphatic research and biology 2021; (19(1)):41-50 doi:10.1089/lrb.2020.0100.

Management of lymphatic vascular malformations: A systematic review of the literature.

Kalwani NM, Rockson SG

Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2021; (9(4)):1077-1082 doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.01.013.

Efficacy of Initial Sirolimus Therapy for 27 Patients with Intractable Lymphatic Malformations.

Zhang X, Wang S, Guo Y, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2021; (131(8)):1902-1908 doi:10.1002/lary.29419.

Lymphatic malformations: a 20-year single institution experience.

Kronfli AP, McLaughlin CJ, Moroco AE, Grant CN

Pediatric surgery international 2021; (37(6)):783-790 doi:10.1007/s00383-021-04859-5.

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Vascular Malformation Questionnaire: A Prospective Cohort Study.

England RW, Motaghi M, Kohler B, et al.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2021; (32(5)):683-690.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2021.01.263.

A novel machine learning approach (svmSomatic) to distinguish somatic and germline mutations using next-generation sequencing data.

Mao YF, Yuan XG, Cun YP

Zoological research 2021; (42(2)):246-249 doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.014.

Bleomycin for Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Venous and Lymphatic Malformations: A Retrospective Study of Safety, Efficacy and Mid-Term Outcomes in 26 Patients.

Nevesny F, Chevallier O, Falvo N, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(6)) doi:10.3390/jcm10061302.

How we approach the diagnosis and management of complex lymphatic anomalies.

Ricci KW, Iacobas I

Pediatric blood & cancer 2022; (69 Suppl 3()):e28985 doi:10.1002/pbc.28985.

Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the prenatal diagnosis of common congenital vascular anomalies.

Crivelli L, Millischer AE, Sonigo P, et al.

Pediatric radiology 2021; (51(9)):1626-1636 doi:10.1007/s00247-021-05031-w.

Non-hotspot PIK3CA mutations are more frequent in CLOVES than in common or combined lymphatic malformations.

Brouillard P, Schlögel MJ, Homayun Sepehr N, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2021; (16(1)):267 doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01898-y.

Long-Term Imaging Follow-Up in DIPNECH: Multicenter Experience.

Chung C, Bommart S, Marchand-Adam S, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(13)) doi:10.3390/jcm10132950.

Results of Injection Sclerotherapy with Bleomycin in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations.

Kumar V, Choudhury SR, Yadav PS, et al.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 2021; (26(4)):223-227 doi:10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_94_20.

Lymphatic Malformation Responsive to Sirolimus in Keratinocytic Epidermal Nevus Syndrome with KRAS Mutation: A Case and Brief Literature Discussion.

Sideris E, Tng ETV, Chee P

Case reports in dermatology 2021; (13(1)):195-201 doi:10.1159/000515247.

Vascular anomalies: clinical perspectives.

Amaral JG, Lara-Corrales I

Pediatric radiology 2022; (52(2)):249-261 doi:10.1007/s00247-021-05260-z.

Modeling Somatic Mutations Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Human Brain Organoids.

Deb BK, Bateup HS

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2021; (14()):787243 doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.787243.

Alpelisib to treat CLOVES syndrome, a member of the PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome spectrum.

Garreta Fontelles G, Pardo Pastor J, Grande Moreillo C

British journal of clinical pharmacology 2022; (88(8)):3891-3895 doi:10.1111/bcp.15270.

Sclerosing agents in the management of lymphatic malformations in children: A systematic review.

Fernandes S, Yeung P, Heran M, et al.

Journal of pediatric surgery 2022; (57(5)):888-896 doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.056.

Complex lymphatic malformations in pediatrics: a review of treatment options.

Pessanha I, Bravo M, Piedade C, Lopes MF

Minerva pediatrics 2022; (74(1)):70-80 doi:10.23736/S2724-5276.20.06037-5.

Efficacy of sirolimus in children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck.

Wiegand S, Dietz A, Wichmann G

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2022; (279(8)):3801-3810 doi:10.1007/s00405-022-07378-8.

Splenic cystic lymphangioma in adults: A rare case report from Syria.

Hussein Al-Janabi M, Abodest R, Adnan Alshabab M, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2022; (80()):104152 doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104152.

The VASCERN-VASCA working group diagnostic and management pathways for lymphatic malformations.

Ghaffarpour N, Baselga E, Boon LM, et al.

European journal of medical genetics 2022; (65(12)):104637 doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104637.

De novo mutations, genetic mosaicism and human disease.

Mohiuddin M, Kooy RF, Pearson CE

Frontiers in genetics 2022; (13()):983668 doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.983668.

Vascular Malformations: A Histopathologic and Conceptual Appraisal.

Fernandez-Flores A, Cassarino D, Colmenero I

Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2023; (114(3)):213-228 doi:10.1016/j.ad.2022.10.035.

Percutaneous sclerotherapy for head and neck lymphatic malformations in neonates and infants ≤12 months of age.

Caton MT, Duvvuri M, Baker A, et al.

Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2023; (15(12)):1242-1246 doi:10.1136/jnis-2022-019516.

Sudden Appearance of a Palpable Chest Wall Mass Secondary to Macrocystic Lymphatic Malformation: A Case Report.

Alkwai H, Alkwai H, Al Namshan M

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (10(2)) doi:10.3390/children10020235.

A case of high-risk neuroblastoma in a child with CLOVES syndrome.

Girgis M, Benedetti DJ

Pediatric blood & cancer 2023; e30393 doi:10.1002/pbc.30393.

Magnitude and relevance of change in health-related quality of life in patients with vascular malformations treated with sirolimus.

Harbers VEM, Bouwman FCM, van Rijnsoever IMP, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2023; (10()):1155476 doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1155476.

[Lymphangioma of the scrotum].

Safin DA, Tarusin DI, Matar AA

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) 2023; 107-110.

Rapid lymphatic malformation expansion: Imaging, association with asymptomatic Streptococcus infection, multidisciplinary management, and therapeutic approach.

Healy J, Balcazar JA, Rivera L, Ruas V

Radiology case reports 2023; (18(9)):3162-3168 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2023.06.029.

Patient characteristics and disease spectrum in a German vascular anomalies center.

Strübing F, Laurich A, Weiss C, et al.

Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) 2024; (65(1)):145-151 doi:10.1177/02841851231196872.

Preliminary results of the European multicentric phase III trial regarding sirolimus in slow-flow vascular malformations.

Seront E, Van Damme A, Legrand C, et al.

JCI insight 2023; (8(21)).

Anticancer effects of alpelisib on PIK3CA-mutated canine mammary tumor cell lines.

Yeom J, Cho Y, Ahn S, Jeung S

Frontiers in veterinary science 2023; (10()):1279535 doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1279535.

Double somatic mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

Pezzani L, Pezzoli L, Rosina E, et al.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2024; (194(5)):e63512 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.63512.

Epilepsy with faint capillary malformation or reticulated telangiectasia associated with mosaic AKT3 pathogenic variants.

De Bortoli M, Ivars M, Revencu N, et al.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2024; (194(6)):e63551 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.63551.

Unusual cystic hygromas: Case report.

Barma A, Kunwar S, Yadav NK, Karn M

International journal of surgery case reports 2024; (116()):109368 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109368.

Clinical and surgical effectiveness of the multi-disciplinary standardized management model in the treatment of retroperitoneal liposarcoma: Evidence-based clinical practice experience from Fudan Zhongshan.

Fan P, Tao P, Wang J, et al.

Surgery 2024; (175(5)):1368-1376 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2024.01.012.

Genomic multidisciplinary teams: A model for navigating genetic mainstreaming and precision medicine.

Ma A, Newing TP, O'Shea R, et al.

Journal of paediatrics and child health 2024; (60(4-5)):118-124 doi:10.1111/jpc.16547.

Anesthetic Management of a Massive Cystic Hygroma of the Neck in a Neonate.

Puri S, Jafra A, Dogra N, et al.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 2024; (29(2)):183-185 doi:10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_197_23.

Dysfunctional mechanotransduction regulates the progression of PIK3CA-driven vascular malformations.

Aw WY, Sawhney A, Rathod M, et al.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024; doi:10.1101/2024.08.22.609165.

Cystic lymphangioma of the head and tail of the pancreas in a middle-aged Iranian woman: A case report.

Ziaian B, Golbahar-Haghighi A, Dalfardi F, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2024; (125()):110453 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110453.

Complex lymphatic anomalies.

Alkhulaifat D, Ramirez-Suarez KI, Otero HJ, et al.

Pediatric radiology 2025; (55(11)):2348-2355 doi:10.1007/s00247-025-06167-9.

The Multidisciplinary Team in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction: A Reference Manual for the Plastic Surgeon.

Belfort BDW, Owens WR, Leonovicz OG, et al.

Seminars in plastic surgery 2025; (39(2)):103-112 doi:10.1055/s-0045-1808273.

Multidisciplinary Care: Facial Reanimation in the Pediatric Population.

Mohan VC, Akram M, Belfort BD, et al.

Seminars in plastic surgery 2025; (39(2)):75-81 doi:10.1055/s-0045-1808271.

[Analysis of MRI and clinical characteristics for pediatric head, neck, and facial lymphatic malformations].

Chen J, Chen W, Ke S, et al.

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 2025; (39(7)):646-651 doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.07.008.

A toddler with acute, life-threatening airway obstruction due to a retropharyngeal macrocytic lymphatic malformation: successful emergency sclerotherapy.

Cherkes M, Pondorfer-Schaefer P, Pock J, et al.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2025; (195()):112433 doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112433.

Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report.

Sun Y, Zhou J, Hu X, et al.

BMC pediatrics 2025; (25(1)):527 doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05884-2.

Large Cystic Lymphangiomas of the Neck: A Surgical Challenge.

Subramaniyan P, Mohiyuddin SMA, Jyothi DN, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(6)):e85542 doi:10.7759/cureus.85542.

Evolving medical treatment for vascular malformation.

Pang C, Lee R, Nisbet R, et al.

Phlebology 2026; (41(3)):190-200 doi:10.1177/02683555251361663.

Treatment of isolated lymphatic malformation with the herbal medicine "Eppikajyutsuto": a retrospective multicenter study.

Hashizume N, Kawano T, Sugita K, et al.

Pediatric surgery international 2025; (41(1)):257 doi:10.1007/s00383-025-06161-0.

Coexistence of Acute Appendicitis and Mesenteric Cystic Lymphatic Malformation in an Adult: A Case Report and Narrative Review of Intraoperative Management Strategies.

Barbu LA, Cercelaru L, Vîlcea ID, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (15(9)) doi:10.3390/life15091390.

Laparoscopic-assisted resection with adjunct sclerotherapy for abdominal lymphatic malformations: Long-term outcomes from a large cohort study.

Tran TD, Pham HD, Vu HM, et al.

Journal of pediatric surgery 2025; (61(1)):162739 doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162739.

Fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of patients with extensive cervicofacial lymphatic malformations.

Schultz R, Kalajoki-Helmiö T, Kyrklund K, et al.

Pediatric radiology 2026; (56(4)):767-776 doi:10.1007/s00247-025-06477-y.

Analysis of the Occurrence of PIK3CA Gene Mutation in Children with Lymphatic Malformation-Single Center Study.

Kukulska J, Sałacińska-Łoś E, Perdas E, Przewratil P

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (12(11)) doi:10.3390/children12111460.

Impending Airway Threat in a Neonate: Intralesional Sclerotherapy As Salvage Therapy for Giant Congenital Cervical Cystic Hygroma.

Saleem MM, Rehman H, Shamim H, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(1)):e101809 doi:10.7759/cureus.101809.